Industry | Stained glass |
---|---|
Founded | 189211 Newman Street, London, W, United Kingdom | at
Founder | Percy Charles Haydon Bacon |
Defunct | 1930s |
Headquarters | |
Area served |
Percy Bacon and Brothers was a firm which produced stained glass, church furnishings, and decorations. The firm was set up in 1892 by stained glass artist and sculptor, Percy Charles Haydon Bacon, and operated for many years from 11 Newman Street, London. He was joined there by his brothers, Herbert W. Bacon, and Archibald Arthur Bacon. [1] The vast majority of the firm's output of stained glass was installed in Great Britain, with a few examples in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, but their work can also be found in the United States of America, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada.
Percy Charles Haydon Bacon was born in Ipswich UK, on 23 December 1860, the son of a boot closer, Joshua Bacon and his wife, Elizabeth. [2] When his father died in 1881, his family moved to 65 Charlotte Street, London. [3] Here Percy Bacon began work as a stained glass artist, designing windows for James Powell & Sons, such as the east window of Tempo Church, Fermanagh, and the reredos at Yarcombe, Devon, among others. [4] Between 1892 and 1923 the business operated from a studio at 11, Newman Street, London, but in 1923 moved to 4, Endsleigh Gardens, London. [5] In its early years the firm enjoyed a good deal of success, being commissioned to design and execute stained glass windows in Manchester Cathedral (1892), [6] and Newcastle-upon-Tyne Cathedral (1895).
The firm worked closely with architect George Fellowes-Prynne, who wrote; "[Percy Bacon's] glass and painting is, I consider, second to none, and as in the carrying out he works entirely in harmony with my wishes, and in close conjunction with me as the work proceeds, I feel entirely confident of completely satisfactory results". [7] Many commissions also came from the Reverend Architect Ernest Geldart with whom the firm worked from at least 1894. [8]
In April 1917 the firm of Percy Bacon and Brothers Limited went into voluntary liquidation, as a result of financial problems. [9] Shortly afterward, on 6 June 1917, Percy Bacon registered a new company, "Percy Bacon Limited", operating from 11, Newman Street, London. [10] This would be the name under which the firm operated until its final closure in 1932. [11]
In 1921 Percy C. H. Bacon was one of the founding subscribers to, and member of The British Society of Master Glass Painters along with, amongst others, his contemporaries John Hardman, Walter Tower (Kempe & Co), Arther Powell (J Powell & Sons) and Thomas Grylls (Burlison & Grylls). [12]
In around 1930 the firm seems to have moved to premises in Reading, Berkshire, though no records have come to light which confirm this, with the exception of one window, installed by the firm in 1930 in St Matthew's Church, Ipswich, Suffolk, which bears the signature "PERCY BACON READING". Percy Bacon died on 2 January 1935 at a nursing home in Reading, Berkshire.
The windows of Percy Bacon Brothers were inspired by those of the 15th century, with the central figures generally framed by architectonic canopies of Late Gothic or Early Northern Renaissance form. The windows are opulent in style, generally depicting Biblical and historical figures of the Church richly attired in heavy robes, often decorated at the borders with pearls. The lower section of the window often contains a scroll bearing the relevant inscription, and supported by two angels. Output of the firm in the early years of the First World War had declined considerably, but following the firms liquidation in April 1917 and restart under its new name in June of that year, the firm was called upon to produce a great many memorial windows. These often depict heroic subjects, the Archangel Michael and St George, and virtues of Victory, Valour, Courage and Fortitude.
Among the characteristics of the glass of this firm is that the flesh is of translucent off-white glass that may be fawn or greenish in hue and relies on very detailed painting and stippled shading to achieve effect. The hair is often stained yellow with silver nitrate. The canopies are rarely coloured glass, but employ linear painting and shading, and have elements picked out with silver stain. The robes employ intensely coloured glass, often flashed, and sometimes etched to achieve elaborate patterns. There are often borders on the robes that are elaborately painted to resemble pearls and facetted jewels. The drawing of the figures displays a typical Late 19th-century academic approach.
George Frederick Bodley was an English Gothic Revival architect. He was a pupil of Sir George Gilbert Scott and worked with C.E. Kempe. He was in partnership with Thomas Garner for much of his career and was one of the founders of Watts & Co.
The Church of St Margaret of Antioch is in Prince's Road, Toxteth, Liverpool, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Liverpool, the archdeaconry of Liverpool, and the deanery of Toxteth and Wavertree. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II* listed building.
St Peter's Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in the South Australian capital of Adelaide. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Adelaide and Metropolitan of the Province of South Australia. The cathedral, a significant Adelaide landmark, is situated on approximately 1 acre (0.40 ha) of land at the corner of Pennington Terrace and King William Road in the suburb of North Adelaide.
Ecton is a village and civil parish in North Northamptonshire, England. The village is just east of Northampton, just off the A4500 road. It was one of the first villages in Northamptonshire to be given conservation status. The toponym is derived from the Old English words Ecca and tun, meaning "Ecca's farm/settlement."
Hardman & Co., otherwise John Hardman Trading Co., Ltd., founded 1838, began manufacturing stained glass in 1844 and became one of the world's leading manufacturers of stained glass and ecclesiastical fittings. After the doors closed at Lightwoods Park Justin Hardman, a descendant of John Hardman kept the heart of the studio alive and with the help of chief designer, Artist Edgar JB Phillips they continue to design and manufacture exquisite traditional Hardman stained glass around the world.
Charles Eamer Kempe was a British Victorian era designer and manufacturer of stained glass. His studios produced over 4,000 windows and also designs for altars and altar frontals, furniture and furnishings, lychgates and memorials that helped to define a later nineteenth-century Anglican style. The list of English cathedrals containing examples of his work includes: Chester, Gloucester, Hereford, Lichfield, Wells, Winchester and York. Kempe's networks of patrons and influence stretched from the Royal Family and the Church of England hierarchy to the literary and artistic beau monde.
Douglas Strachan is considered the most significant Scottish designer of stained glass windows in the 20th century. He is best known for his windows at the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands, at Edinburgh's Scottish National War Memorial and in cathedrals and churches throughout the United Kingdom. He is also known for his paintings, murals, and illustrations.
A revival of the art and craft of stained-glass window manufacture took place in early 19th-century Britain, beginning with an armorial window created by Thomas Willement in 1811–12. The revival led to stained-glass windows becoming such a common and popular form of coloured pictorial representation that many thousands of people, most of whom would never commission or purchase a painting, contributed to the commission and purchase of stained-glass windows for their parish church.
The firm of James Powell and Sons, also known as Whitefriars Glass, were London-based English glassmakers, leadlighters and stained-glass window manufacturers. As Whitefriars Glass, the company existed from the 17th century, but became well known as a result of the 19th-century Gothic Revival and the demand for stained glass windows.
Clayton and Bell was one of the most prolific and proficient British workshops of stained-glass windows during the latter half of the 19th century and early 20th century. The partners were John Richard Clayton (1827–1913) and Alfred Bell (1832–1895). The company was founded in 1855 and continued until 1993. Their windows are found throughout the United Kingdom, in the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
Burlison and Grylls is an English company who produced stained glass windows from 1868 onwards.
Christopher Whitworth Whall was a British stained-glass artist who worked from the 1880s and on into the 20th century. He is widely recognised as a leader in the Arts and Crafts movement and a key figure in the modern history of stained glass.
St Peter's Church is a Church of England parish church located in the centre of Bournemouth, Dorset, England. It is a Grade I listed building classed as a 'major parish church', and was completed in 1879 to a design by George Edmund Street as the founding mother church of Bournemouth.
Saint Chrysostom's Church is the parish church in Victoria Park, Manchester, England. The church is of the Anglo-Catholic tradition, and also has a strong tradition of being inclusive and welcoming.
Nathaniel Hubert John WestlakeFSA (1833–1921) was a 19th-century British artist specialising in stained glass.
The Church of St Wilfrid is an Anglican church in the suburb of Northenden in Manchester, England. It stands on Ford Lane, close to the River Mersey, approximately 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of Manchester city centre.
Lilian Josephine Pocock (1883–1974) was a stained glass artist who provided stained glass for a number of buildings, including Ulverston Victoria High School, The King's School and Ely Cathedral. She was also a theatrical costume designer, book illustrator and watercolourist. In her later years, failing eyesight prevented her from continuing her work in stained glass. After some years of retirement she died in 1974.
Mabel Esplin (1874–1921) was an English stained glass artist.