The European Convention on Human Rights is an international convention to protect human rights and political freedoms in Europe. Drafted in 1950 by the then newly formed Council of Europe,the convention entered into force on 3 September 1953. All Council of Europe member states are party to the convention and new members are expected to ratify the convention at the earliest opportunity.
The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR),also known as the Strasbourg Court,is an international court of the Council of Europe which interprets the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The court hears applications alleging that a contracting state has breached one or more of the human rights enumerated in the convention or its optional protocols to which a member state is a party. The court is based in Strasbourg,France.
Julia Laffranque,is an Estonian jurist,judge,legal scientist,visiting professor of European law Justice at the Supreme Court of Estonia,Judge at the European Court of Human Rights 2011 - 2020. Since 4 June 2018 also a member of the Scientific Committee of the European Union Fundamental Rights Agency,earlier professor of European law at the University of Tartu. Since 2020 member of the Board of Trustees,the Foundation Academy of European Law Trier. In 2019 she was a candidate for the post of European Ombudsman. In 2020 she was appointed as Director of Programme of the European Law Academy (ERA) and in 2021 the Council of the European Union on the proposal of European Parliament by 586 votes in favor,appointed her as a member of Article 255 TFEU panel,which is to give opinion on candidates suitability to perform the duties of judge and advocate general of the Court of Justice and the General Court of the European Union.
Iulia Antoanella Motoc is a Romanian judge and international law expert,currently a Judge of the International Criminal Court. Before beginning her service at the Court,she was a Judge at the European Court of Human Rights,a professor at the University of Bucharest and a Judge at the Constitutional Court of Romania.
Jean-Paul Costa was a French jurist and was the President of the European Court of Human Rights from 19 January 2007 until his term at the Court ended on 3 November 2011. He was first appointed a judge of the Court on 1 November 1998,and in 2009 was elected to serve an additional three years as President.
Róbert Ragnar Spanó is an Icelandic-Italian jurist,judge,and former president of the European Court of Human Rights. He has been a partner at the multinational law firm of Gibson,Dunn &Crutcher since the end of this tenure as President of the Court in October 2022. He started his tenure as President of the Court on 18 May 2020,succeeding Judge Sicilianos from Greece. Before beginning his service on the court on 1 November 2013,he served provisionally as parliamentary ombudsman of Iceland and Dean of the Faculty of Law,University of Iceland. Spano's mandate as a Judge and President of the Court ended on 31 October 2022 when he was succeeded by Judge Siofra O'Leary.
Guido Raimondi is an Italian judge born in Naples and former judge and President of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). Raimondi was nominated to the court by Italy and began his 9-year term as ECHR judge on 5 May 2010. He was the President of ECHR from 1 November 2015 until 4 May 2019.
Paulo Pinto de Albuquerque is a Portuguese judge born in Beira,Mozambique and was the judge of the European Court of Human Rights in respect of Portugal from April 2011 to March 2020.
Tim Eicke is a German-born British barrister and Judge of the European Court of Human Rights.
Linos-Alexandre Sicilianos is a Greek jurist born in Athens,Greece. He was a judge of the European Court of Human Rights in respect of Greece between 2011 and 2020.
Lorraine Schembri Orland is a Maltese judge at the European Court of Human Rights.
Síofra O’Leary is an Irish lawyer and judge who has served as President of the European Court of Human Rights since November 2022 and as a Judge of the European Court of Human Rights since July 2015. She previously served as a Vice-President of the European Court of Human Rights in 2022.
The Judiciary of Cambodia is independent from the rest of the government of Cambodia,as specified by the Cambodian Constitution. The judiciary follows civil law tradition,the instruction being entrusted to a judge and the prosecutors contenting themselves with requesting the application of the law.
Anja Seibert-Fohr is a German jurist who serves as a judge at the European Court of Human Rights.
Gabriele Kucsko-Stadlmayer is a jurist and a current judge of the European Court of Human Rights for Austria.
Ksenija Turković is a Croatian jurist and current vice-president and was judge at the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR).
Andreas Zünd,is a Swiss jurist who has served as a judge at the European Court of Human Rights since 2021.
Carlo Ranzoni is a Swiss jurist and judge at the European Court of Human Rights,representing the Principality of Liechtenstein.
Marko Bošnjak is a Slovenian jurist,judge of the European Court of Human Rights,attorney and academic. He has worked as a researcher and lecturer before becoming an attorney and subsequently a judge. Bošnjak’s mandate as a judge at the European Court of Human Rights began on 30 May 2016. In 2022,he became the Vice-President of the Court.
