This article is an enumeration of military activities of the Philippines and Filipinos in the Americas, across history.
Ramón Fabié a Manila-born supporter of the Mexican War of Independence [1] by Miguel Hidalgo, were among 200 Filipinos who were with the first insurgents to militate for Mexican Independence.Even though they were already prepared by mixed Christian-Muslims who were expelled from former Bruneian colonized Manila to America after the Tondo Conspiracy. After the quelling of the first wave of insurgents, 2 soldiers who were Filipinos born at Mexico, specifically Guerrero State, Francisco Mongoy and Isidoro Montes de Oca were commanders of Vicente Guerrero in the continuing independence war against Spain, this is according to researcher, Ricardo Pinzon. [2]
Overseas Filipinos living in Louisiana at the settlement of Saint Malo served in the Battle of New Orleans during the closing stages of the War of 1812. These Filipinos sided with the United States, against the British Empire. [3] Filipino-Americans residing in the region (referred to as "Manilamen" on the account of Manila being the capital of the Philippines) were recruited by local pirate Jean Lafayette to join his "Baratarians", a group of privately recruited soldiers serving under the American forces under the command of Andrew Jackson, in the defense of New Orleans. They played a decisive role in securing the American victory, firing barrage after barrage of well-aimed artillery fire. [4] [5]
Hippolyte Bouchard, a fleet admiral for Argentina during its war of independence against Spain, made use of Filipinos during his naval attacks against several Spanish colonies. Filomeno V. Aguilar Jr. in his paper: “Manilamen and seafaring: engaging the maritime world beyond the Spanish realm”, stated that Hippolyte Bouchard's second ship, the Santa Rosa, the other being La Argentina, which had a multi-ethnic crew, included Filipinos. [6] Mercene, writer of the Book “Manila Men”, proposes that those Manilamen were recruited in San Blas, an alternative port to Acapulco, Mexico; where several Filipinos had settled during the Manila-Acapulco Galleon trade era. The Filipinos who settled in San Blas were escapees from Spanish slavery in the Manila Galleons, upon meeting Hippolyte Bouchard who worked for the Argentinians that revolted against Spain, the common grievance the Filipinos shared against the Spaniards, which they had with the Argentines caused them to mutiny and join the rebel Argentines. [7]
New Spain, officially the Viceroyalty of New Spain, originally the Kingdom of New Spain, was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain. It was one of several domains established during the Spanish conquest of the Americas, and had its capital in Mexico City. Its jurisdiction comprised a large area of the southern and western portions of North America, mainly what is now Mexico and the Southwestern United States, but also California, Florida and Louisiana; Central America, the Caribbean, and northern parts of South America; several Pacific archipelagos, most notably the Philippines and Guam. Additional Asian colonies included "Spanish Formosa", on the island now known as Taiwan.
San Juan de Ulúa, now known as Castle of San Juan de Ulúa, is a large complex of fortresses, prisons and one former palace on an island of the same name in the Gulf of Mexico overlooking the seaport of Veracruz, Mexico. Juan de Grijalva's 1518 expedition named the island. On March 30, 1519, Hernan Cortés met with Tendile and Pitalpitoque, emissaries from Moctezuma II's Aztec Empire.
Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña was a Mexican soldier and statesman who became the nation's second president. He was one of the leading generals who fought against Spain during the Mexican War of Independence.
The Manila galleon, originally known as La Nao de China, and Galeón de Acapulco, refers to the Spanish trading ships that linked the Spanish Crown's Viceroyalty of New Spain, based in Mexico City, with its Asian territories, collectively known as the Spanish East Indies, across the Pacific Ocean. The ships made one or two round-trip voyages per year between the ports of Acapulco and Manila from the late 16th to early 19th century. The name of the galleon changed to reflect from which city the ship sailed, setting sail from Cavite, in Manila Bay, at the end of June or first week of July, starting the return journey (tornaviaje) from Acapulco in March–April of the next calendar year, and returning to Manila in June–July.
Hippolyte or Hipólito Bouchard was a French-born Argentine sailor and corsair who fought for Argentina, Chile, and Peru.
Asian Argentines, are Argentine citizens or residents of Asian ancestry. The vast majority trace their ancestry to West Asia, primarily Lebanon and Syria, and East Asia, namely China and Japan. Though there are other communities of South Asian or Southeast Asian origin as well. Asian-Argentines settled in Argentina in large numbers during several waves of immigration in the twentieth century.
Saint Malo was a small fishing village that existed along the shore of Lake Borgne in St. Bernard Parish, Louisiana as early as the mid-eighteenth century until it was destroyed by the 1915 New Orleans hurricane. Located along Bayou Saint Malo, about 6 miles (9.7 km) east of the Isleño fishing village of Shell Beach, it was the first permanent settlement of Filipinos and perhaps the first Asian-American settlement in the United States.
San Blas is both a municipality and municipal seat located on the Pacific coast of Mexico in Nayarit.
Filipino Mexicans are Mexican citizens who are descendants of Filipino ancestry. There are approximately 1,200 Filipino nationals residing in Mexico. In addition, genetic studies indicate that about a third of people sampled from Guerrero have Asian ancestry with genetic markers matching those of the populations of the Philippines.
The Tondo Conspiracy of 1587, popularly known as the Conspiracy of the Maginoos, also known as the Revolt of the Lakans, was a revolt planned by Tagalog nobles known as maginoos, led by Don Agustin de Legazpi of Tondo and his cousin Martin Pangan, to overthrow the Spanish government in the Philippines due to injustices against the Filipinos. It was territorially one of the largest conspiracies against the Spanish rule next to the Katipunan. It ranged from provinces near Manila all the way to the Calamianes Islands near Palawan.
The history of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898 is known as the Spanish colonial period, during which the Philippine Islands were ruled as the Captaincy General of the Philippines within the Spanish East Indies, initially under the Viceroyalty of New Spain, based in Mexico City, until the independence of the Mexican Empire from Spain in 1821. This resulted in direct Spanish control during a period of governmental instability there. The Philippines was under direct royal governance from 1821 to 1898.
The Nuestra Señora de Gracia Church, also known as Guadalupe Church, is a Baroque Roman Catholic church in Makati City, Philippines. The parish church and its adjacent monastery are currently administered by the Augustinian friars of the Province of Santo Niño de Cebu. The territory of the parish covers San Carlos Seminary, the major seminary of the Archdiocese of Manila and Our Lady of Guadalupe Minor Seminary. The church also has an adjacent seminary, the Monasterio de Guadalupe, which admits young professionals for priestly and religious vocation. The current parish priest is Danilo M. Carido.
Isidoro Montes de Oca (1789–1847) was a Mexican of Spanish descent born in the Philippines who was a revolutionary general who fought in the Mexican War of Independence between 1810 and 1821. He was among the commanders of the army of Vicente Guerrero and José María Morelos. He was a trusted man of Vicente Guerrero and was his sub-general. He is a relative of Juan Montes de Oca, a prior Administrator of Guadalupe, Makati. in the Philippines. Consequently, the Mexican War of Independence was fought under the banner of Our Lady of Guadalupe.
Mexico–Philippines relations are the bilateral relations of the United Mexican States and the Republic of the Philippines. Mexico and the Philippines share a common history dating from when the Viceroyalty of New Spain ruled the Spanish East Indies for the Spanish Crown. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, and the United Nations.
Fausto Cruzat y Góngora was a Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines from 1690 to 1701, therefore the second-longest serving governor after Rafael María de Aguilar. He is thought to be one of the most capable of the Spanish colonial officials in his day.
Diplomatic relations between the Argentine Republic and the Republic of the Philippines, have existed for decades. Both nations are members of the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, Group of 77, the G20 developing nations, and Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation and the United Nations.
Asian Mexicans are Mexicans of Asian descent. Asians are considered cuarta raíz of Mexico in conjunction with the two main roots: Native and European, and the third African root.
Latin American Asians are Asian people of full or partial Latin American descent.
Peru–Philippines relations refers to the bilateral relations between Peru and the Philippines. Both countries are predominantly Roman Catholic and were ruled by the Spanish Empire for centuries. Neither country has a resident ambassador. The Philippines has a non-resident ambassador in Chile and Peru has a non-resident ambassador in Thailand.
Colombia–Philippines relations refers to bilateral relations between Colombia and the Philippines. Colombia has an embassy in Manila. The Philippines is accredited to Colombia from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil and maintains an honorary consulate in Bogotá. Both countries are predominantly Roman Catholic, and are former Spanish colonies.