Phạm Dương Mại II

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Fan Yang Mai II or Pham Duong Mai II was the King of Champa, an area populated by the Cham ethnic group in present-day Vietnam, from 421 to about 446. In 431, the King was denied the aid of the King of Funan during a war with the Chinese governor of Chiao Chou. [1] In 433, Fan Yang Mai II, after being denied this territory, turned against the Khmers and annexed the Khmer district of Panduranga. [2]

Champa realm

Champa or Tsiompa was a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is today central and southern Vietnam from approximately the 2nd century AD before being absorbed and annexed by Vietnamese Emperor Minh Mạng in AD 1832. The kingdom was known variously as nagara Campa in the Chamic and Cambodian inscriptions, Chăm Pa in Vietnamese and 占城 (Zhànchéng) in Chinese records.

Chams ethnic group in Southeast Asia

The Chams or Cham people are an ethnic group of Austronesian origin in Southeast Asia. Their contemporary population is concentrated between the Kampong Cham Province in Cambodia and Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm, Phan Thiết, Ho Chi Minh City and An Giang Province in Southern Vietnam. Including the diaspora, their total is about 400,000. An additional 4,000 Chams live in Bangkok, Thailand, who had migrated during Rama I's reign. Recent immigrants to Thailand are mainly students and workers, who preferably seek work and education in the southern Islamic Pattani, Narathiwat, Yala and Songkhla provinces. A large Cham diaspora also established in Malaysia following the turbulence during the Pol Pot regime, where they were quickly assimilated with the local Malay population. Cham people represent the core of the Muslim communities in both Cambodia and Vietnam.

Funan Ancient kingdom located in Indochina centered on the Mekong Delta

Funan or Nokor Phnom was the name given by Chinese cartographers, geographers and writers to an ancient Indianised state—or, rather a loose network of states (Mandala)—located in mainland Southeast Asia centered on the Mekong Delta that existed from the first to sixth century CE. The name is found in Chinese historical texts describing the kingdom, and the most extensive descriptions are largely based on the report of two Chinese diplomats, Kang Tai and Zhu Ying, representing the Wu Kingdom of Nanking who sojourned in Funan in the mid-3rd century AD.

Fan Yan Mah II continued the practice of pirating the coasts of Nhat-nam and Cu'u-cho'n, and attacking Giao-chi. This prompted successive Chinese governors of Kiao-chu to send punitive expeditions against Champa in 431 and 446. This last expedition was led by the Chinese marshals Tan Ho-chen, Song Kio and Siao King-hien. When Kiu Sou fell, "Blood flooded the palace halls, and bodies piled up in heaps..." Then Song Kio used paper lions to frighten the Champ elephants at the "Stupa of Demons" near Banh-long Bay. Finally, Champapura was looted, and "the whole country was occupied." [3] [4]

Rinan

Rinan, formerly known as Jih-nan, was the most southern commandery of the Han Empire. It was located in the central area of modern Vietnam between Quảng Bình and Bình Định provinces. It was administered by a local mandarin under direction from the capital of Jiaozhi at Leilou or Longbian near modern Hanoi. It was part of Trưng Trắc's revolt in AD 39.

Jiaozhi, was the name for various provinces, commanderies, prefectures, and counties in northern Vietnam from the era of the Hùng kings to the middle of the Third Chinese domination of Vietnam and again during the Fourth Chinese domination (1407–1427).

In 446 the governor of Tongking undertook strong repressive measure against Champa. A battle delivered to him the capital. The king died brokenhearted. [5]

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Fan Yang Mai I or Pham Duong Mai I was briefly the king of Champa, an area populated by the Cham ethnic group in present-day Vietnam. He overthrew the previous dynasty and seized the throne in 420, following years of internal trouble. After an unsuccessful raid in Tongking he requested investiture from China in 421. He died in the same year.

Jaya Indravarman IV was the king of Champa, a former region located within modern-day Vietnam, from 1167–1192. He probably was the same person as Panduranga ruler, Po Klong Garai. A usurper, "he called himself Jaya Indravarman on Vatu and said he came from the 'famous place known by the name Gramapuravijaya." He was "full of energy, courage and pride...well versed in all the shastra." He sent tribute to the Court of China and the Dai Viet. Unsuccessful in purchasing horses from China for an overland invasion, he prepared a squadron of water vessels.

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Vijaya (Champa) Cham capital

Vijaya was a city-state in the ancient kingdom of Champa in what is now the South Central Coast region of Vietnam. It was the capital of Champa for several centuries until it was conquered by Vietnam in 1471.

The history of Champa begins in prehistory with the migration of the ancestors of the Cham people to mainland Southeast Asia and the founding of their Indianized maritime kingdom based in what is now central Vietnam in the early centuries AD, and ends when the final vestiges of the kingdom were annexed and absorbed by Vietnam in 1832.

Battle of Tonlé Sap

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References

  1. ↑ "Chronology of Cambodian History, Pre-Angkor Era". khmerchronology. 2006-05-03. Archived from the original on 2006-05-03. Retrieved 2019-09-20.
  2. ↑ Chapuis, Oscar (1995). A History of Vietnam: From Hong Bang to Tu Duc. Greenwood Press. ISBN   978-0-313-29622-2.
  3. ↑ Maspéro, Georges (2002). The Champa Kingdom: The History of an Extinct Vietnamese Culture. White Lotus Press. pp. 39–41. ISBN   978-974-7534-99-3.
  4. ↑ Higham, Charles (2014). Early Mainland Southeast Asia: From First Humans to Angkor. River Books. pp. 324–325. ISBN   978-616-7339-44-3.
  5. ↑ Cœdès, George (1968). The Indianized states of Southeast Asia (PDF). East-West Center Press. p. 56. ISBN   0-7081-0140-2.
Preceded by
Fan Yang Mai I 420–421		 King of Champa
421–446		Succeeded by
Fan Shen Cheng
446–484


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