Piano Quartets (Beethoven)

Last updated

Piano Quartets
Chamber music by Ludwig van Beethoven
Beethoven Piano Quartets- WoO36 title-page.jpg
Beethoven Piano Quartets- WoO36 - title-page (1st publication 1828)
Catalogue WoO 36
Composed1785 (1785), Bonn
Published1828 (1828), Vienna
Publisher Artaria
MovementsEach quartet has 3 movements
Scoring
  • piano
  • violin
  • viola
  • cello

The Piano Quartets, WoO 36, by Ludwig van Beethoven are a set of three piano quartets, completed in 1785 when the composer was aged 14. They are scored for piano, violin, viola and cello. He composed a quartet in C major, another in E-flat major, and a third in D major. They were first published posthumously in 1828, however numbered in a different order: Piano Quartet No. 1 in E-flat major, Piano Quartet No. 2 in D major, and Piano Quartet No. 3 in C major.

Contents

History

When Beethoven composed these three pieces, the Piano Quartet was a rarely used ensemble. [1] Two works by Mozart, Piano Quartet No. 1 in G minor (1785) and Piano Quartet No. 2 in E-flat major (1786), are the only significant contemporary contributions that are comparable. [2] Beethoven modeled his piano quartets after a set of Mozart violin sonatas published in 1781, with Beethoven's C major work written in the same key and borrowing some thematic material from Mozart's Violin Sonata No. 17, K. 296. [3] Apart from Beethoven's own arrangement of his Quintet for Piano and Wind Instruments (Op. 16) for piano quartet, these three works are the only compositions he wrote for piano, violin, viola, and cello. [4]

Beethoven later reused material from the C major quartet for two of his early Piano Sonatas: No. 1 and No. 3. [1] In Beethoven's original manuscript, the work in C major comes first, followed by E-flat major and D major. When the quartets were published after his death by Artaria in Vienna, there were in a different order: E-flat major, D major and C major. [2]

Structure and music

Each quartet is in three movements. They are listed in the order of the original manuscript:

Piano Quartet in C major, No. 3

  1. Allegro vivace
  2. Adagio con espressione
  3. Rondo: Allegro

In the exposition of the first movement, Beethoven wrote a piano sonata with string accompaniment, but in the development and recapitulation, they play a more individual role. The third movement is in rondo form. The theme is introduced by the piano and then taken by the violin. The first episode is accompanied by plucked strings. A second episode is in A minor. [2]

Beethoven reused the theme of the second movement for the Adagio of his Piano Sonata in F minor, Op. 2/1. He also reused material from the first movement for his Piano Sonata in C major, Op. 2/3, dedicated to Joseph Haydn in 1796. [2]

Piano Quartet in E-flat major, No. 1

  1. Adagio assai
  2. Allegro con spirito
  3. Theme and variations: Cantabile

In the second quartet, the piano and the strings are equal partners. [2] It opens unusually with an Adagio assai movement. The second movement is in sonata form, in E-flat minor. Some elements seem to anticipate the last movement of the Piano Sonata No. 8, the Pathétique. The finale movement is in seven variations on a theme. [2]

Piano Quartet in D major, No. 2

  1. Allegro moderato
  2. Andante con moto
  3. Rondo: Allegro

The quartet in D major begins, more conventionally than the others, with a movement in sonata form, with a rather short development section. The second movement, marked Andante con moto, is in F-sharp minor, but has a middle section in A major. The final movement is a rondo, with a theme introduced by the piano and repeated by the violin. The episodes are contrasting, and recall similar movements by Mozart. [2]

Recordings

The piano quartets were recorded by the Mannheimer Trio with Günter Ludwig (released 1963), [5] Scheuerer Quartet in 1995, [6] the New Zealand Piano Quartet in 2005 [7] and by the Milander Quartet in 2013. [8] [9]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Piano Trios, Op. 1 (Beethoven)</span> Three piano trios published in 1795

Ludwig van Beethoven's Opus 1 is a set of three piano trios, first performed in 1795 in the house of Prince Lichnowsky, to whom they are dedicated. The trios were published in 1795.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Piano Sonata No. 8 (Beethoven)</span> 1798 sonata written by Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 8 in C minor, Op. 13, commonly known as Sonata Pathétique, was written in 1798 when the composer was 27 years old, and was published in 1799. It has remained one of his most celebrated compositions. Beethoven dedicated the work to his friend Prince Karl von Lichnowsky. Although commonly thought to be one of the few works to be named by the composer himself, it was actually named Grande sonate pathétique by the publisher, who was impressed by the sonata's tragic sonorities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">String Quartet No. 11 (Beethoven)</span>

Ludwig van Beethoven's String Quartet No. 11 in F minor, Op. 95, from 1810, was his last before his late string quartets. It is commonly referred to as the "Serioso," stemming from his title "Quartett[o] Serioso" at the beginning and the tempo designation for the third movement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Piano Concerto No. 20 (Mozart)</span> Concertante work by Mozart

The Piano Concerto No. 20 in D minor, K. 466, was composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1785. The first performance took place at the Mehlgrube Casino in Vienna on 11 February 1785, with the composer as the soloist.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Piano Sonata No. 21 (Beethoven)</span> Piano Sonata by Ludwig van Beethoven

Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 21 in C major, Op. 53, known as the Waldstein, is one of the three most notable sonatas of his middle period. Completed in summer 1804 and surpassing Beethoven's previous piano sonatas in its scope, the Waldstein is a key early work of Beethoven's "Heroic" decade (1803–1812) and set a standard for piano composition in the grand manner.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Piano Sonata No. 3 (Beethoven)</span> Piano sonata by Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 3 in C major, Op. 2, No. 3, was written in 1795 and dedicated to Joseph Haydn. It was published simultaneously with his first and second sonatas in 1796.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">String Quartet No. 15 (Beethoven)</span>

The String Quartet No. 15 in A minor, Op. 132, by Ludwig van Beethoven, was written in 1825, given its public premiere on November 6 of that year by the Schuppanzigh Quartet and was dedicated to Count Nikolai Galitzin, as were Opp. 127 and 130. The number traditionally assigned to it is based on the order of its publication; it is actually the thirteenth quartet in order of composition.

C minor is a minor scale based on C, consisting of the pitches C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. Its key signature consists of three flats. Its relative major is E major and its parallel major is C major.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Piano Sonata No. 12 (Beethoven)</span> Piano sonata by Beethoven, composed 1800-01

Ludwig van Beethoven composed his Piano Sonata No. 12 in A major, Op. 26, in 1800–1801, around the same time as he completed his First Symphony. He dedicated the sonata to Prince Karl von Lichnowsky, who had been his patron since 1792.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Piano Concerto No. 1 (Beethoven)</span>

Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Concerto No. 1 in C major, Op. 15, was written in 1795, then revised in 1800. It was possibly first performed by Beethoven at his first public concert in Vienna on 29 March 1795. It was first published in 1801 in Vienna with dedication to his pupil Princess Anna Louise Barbara Odescalchi, known to her friends as "Babette".

Cello Sonatas No. 1 and No. 2, Op. 5, are two sonatas for cello and piano written by Ludwig van Beethoven in 1796, while he was in Berlin. While there, Beethoven met the King of Prussia Friedrich Wilhelm II, an ardent music-lover and keen cellist. Although the sonatas are dedicated to Friedrich Wilhelm II, Ferdinand Ries tells us that Beethoven "played several times at the court, where he also played the two cello sonatas, opus 5, composed for Duport and himself". Although Jean-Pierre Duport was one of the King's teachers, it is now thought to have been his brother Jean-Louis Duport who had the honor of premiering these sonatas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Violin Sonata No. 7 (Beethoven)</span>

The Violin Sonata No. 7 in C minor by Ludwig van Beethoven, the second of his Op. 30 set, was composed between 1801 and 1802, published in May 1803, and dedicated to Tsar Alexander I of Russia. It has four movements:

  1. Allegro con brio
  2. Adagio cantabile
  3. Scherzo: Allegro
  4. Finale: Allegro; Presto

The Violin Sonata No. 3 of Ludwig van Beethoven in E-flat major, the third of his Opus 12 set, was written in 1798 and dedicated to Antonio Salieri. It has three movements:

  1. Allegro con spirito
  2. Adagio con molta espressione - in C major
  3. Rondo: Allegro molto
<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anton Eberl</span> Austrian composer, teacher and pianist (1765–1807)

Anton Franz Josef Eberl was an Austrian composer, teacher and pianist of the Classical period. He was a student of Salieri and Mozart. He was also seen as an early friend and rival of Beethoven.

Hyacinthe Jadin was a French composer who came from a musical family. His uncle Georges Jadin was a composer in Versailles and Paris, along with his father Jean Jadin, who had played bassoon for the French Royal Orchestra. He was one of five musical brothers, the best known of whom was Louis-Emmanuel Jadin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Three Piano Sonatas, WoO 47 (Beethoven)</span>

The Three Piano Sonatas, WoO 47 were probably composed by Ludwig van Beethoven in 1783, when he was twelve years old. The sonatas show a certain level of precocity and serve as a precursor to the masterworks he later produced. They are dedicated to the Prince-elector Maximilian Friedrich and therefore also known as the Kurfürstensonaten.

<i>The 50 Greatest Pieces of Classical Music</i> 2009 studio album by the London Philharmonic Orchestra

The 50 Greatest Pieces of Classical Music is a selection of classical works recorded by the London Philharmonic Orchestra with conductor David Parry. Recorded at Abbey Road Studios, Royal Festival Hall and Henry Wood Hall in London, the album was released in digital formats in November, 2009 and as a 4-CD set in 2011. The 50 Greatest Pieces of Classical Music has sold over 200,000 copies and spent over three days as one of the top 10 classical albums on iTunes.

References

  1. 1 2 Palmer, John. "Ludwig van Beethoven / Piano Quartets (3), WoO 36". AllMusic . Retrieved 9 April 2018.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Anderson, Keith. "Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) / Piano Quartets, WoO 36". Naxos . Retrieved 9 April 2018.
  3. Block, Geoffrey (2017). Experiencing Beethoven : a listener's companion. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 6–7. ISBN   978-1-4422-4546-4. OCLC   948669755.
  4. Thayer, Alexander Wheelock (1921). The Life of Ludwig van Beethoven. Vol. 1. New York: The Beethoven Association. p. 208.
  5. Beethoven (Vox svbx545) www.discogs.com, accessed 27 September 2023
  6. Reader's Digest Classical Collection. "Beethoven: Quartets for Piano and Strings, Nos. 1, 2, 3". Kalamazoo Public Library . Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  7. Clarke, Colin. "Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) / Piano Quartets, WoO 36". musicweb-international.com. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
  8. Divox Records B00DGGGFP4
  9. BEETHOVEN: PIANO TRIOS AND QUARTETS naxosdirect.co.uk, accessed 27 September 2023