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Piva | |
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Location | |
Country | Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Physical characteristics | |
Mouth | |
• location | Drina |
• coordinates | 43°20′54″N18°50′23″E / 43.3484°N 18.8396°E |
Length | 35 km (22 mi) 120 km (75 mi) as part of the system |
Basin size | 1,784 km2 (689 sq mi) [1] |
Basin features | |
Progression | Drina→ Sava→ Danube→ Black Sea |
The Piva (Cyrillic : Пива, pronounced [pîʋa] ) is a river in Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The river runs through Montenegro for most of its course length, and in its last three kilometres marks the border between the two countries.
The Piva emerges from the Sinjac wellspring (Cyrillic: Сињац; etymologically sinjac is derivative of sinji/sinje/sinja, rooted in proto-slavic, and means having a blue tinge, bluish color, gray, gray-blue, so Sinjac could be translated in modern as Serbo-Croatian : Plavac), which is also simply called Wellspring of Piva (transl. Vrelo Pive; Cyrillic: Врело Пиве), situated near the Piva Monastery underneath of Golija mountain. After a kilometer or so, and before the artificial Lake Piva was formed, the waters from the well rushed into the river Komarnica (Cyrillic: Комарница) thus creating the Piva river for the next 34 km. However, Komarnica is part of an 86 km long river system (Tušina→Bukovica→Komarnica), so measured from the source of the Tušina river (Cyrillic: Тушина), the Piva, nicknamed 'the river with five names', is 120 km long.
The Tušina originates from the mountain Sinjajevina in the Uskoci region of central Montenegro, just few kilometers away from the source of another important Montenegrin river, Morača. The river flows to the west, between the Sinjajevina and Lola mountains, next to the villages of Krnja Jela, Bare, Boan and Tušina. It receives from the north the Bukovica river, and continues further under this name. After the river passes the regional center of Šavnik and the villages of Gradac and Pridvorica in the region of Drobnjaci, the stream receives from the north the Komarnica and takes its name.
The Komarnica continues between the mountains of Vojnik and Treskavac, in an almost uninhabited area (village of Duži) and enters the high Piva Pleateau, where it turns north (almost all of the Komarnica's course is flooded by the reservoir of the Lake Piva), receives from the right outflow of the Piva well and enters the deep Piva canyon.
The canyon is cut between the mountains of Bioč, Volujak, Maglić and Pivska Planina, its 33 km long, deep up to 1.200 m and river generates immense power used for the power station of Mratinje (342 MW) which dammed the canyon in 1975. The dam is 220 m high, one of the highest in Europe and creates Lake Piva, second largest in Montenegro (12,5 km2, altitude 675 m, 188 m deep), which flooded the old location of the monastery of Piva from the 16th century, so the monastery was moved to the new one. The Vrbnica river flows from the left into the lake.
After the dam, the Piva continues straight to the north, meets the Tara at Šćepan Polje on the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina and creates the Drina.
The Piva belongs to the Black Sea drainage basin with its own drainage area of 1,784 km2 and is not navigable.
Pivska Površ (Cyrillic: Пивска Површ), is a high limestone plateau in the drainage area of Piva, between the mountains of Durmitor, Maglić, Lebršnik, Golija and Vojnik. The plateau is 55 km long, 30 km wide with an average altitude of 1.200 m, the highest 2.159 m. The flow of Komarnica-Piva divides it in two regions: western one, Pivska Župa (Cyrillic: Пивска Жупа) and eastern one, Pivska Planina (Cyrillic: Пивска Планина). Area is characterized by many limestone features, like cavities (called vrtača, вртача) deep pits and excavations, and extremely sparsely populated (some 20 smaller settlements in Pivska Župa and 15 in Pivska Planina). Stock breeding is developed though, especially sheep.
Serbia is a small country situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the far southern edges of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. It shares borders with Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, North Macedonia, Montenegro, and Romania. Serbia shares a contested border with Albania as it doesn't recognise the independence of Kosovo. Serbia is landlocked, though it is able to access the Adriatic Sea through Montenegro and inland Europe and the Black Sea via the Danube.
The Ibar, also known as the Ibër and Ibri, is a river that flows through eastern Montenegro, northern Kosovo and central Serbia, with a total length of 272 km (169 mi). The river begins in the Hajla mountain, in Rožaje, eastern Montenegro, and passes through southwestern Serbia and northern Kosovo, where it leads back into Serbia to flow into the West Morava river near Kraljevo, central Serbia.
The Tara is a river in Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. It emerges from the confluence of the Opasnica and Veruša rivers in the Komovi Mountains, part of the Dinaric Alps of Montenegro. The total length is 143 km (89 mi), of which 141 km (88 mi) are in or on the border of Montenegro, it also forms the border between the two countries in several places. The Tara flows from south to north - north-west and converges with the Piva at the Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro border between the villages of Šćepan Polje (Montenegro) and Hum to form the Drina river.
The Sutjeska National Park is a national park located in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Established in 1962, it is Bosnia and Herzegovina's oldest national park. It includes the country's highest peak of Maglić, at over 2,386 metres (7,828 ft), on the border with Montenegro. The Montenegrin part of Maglić massif in the park has also formed the Trnovačko Jezero. The Strict Nature Reserve "Perućica", one of the last two remaining primeval forests in Europe, is part of the park. The park is also famous as being the location of the Battle of the Sutjeska in 1943 during World War II. It is an affiliated member of EUROPARC Federation.
The Ćehotina, also known as the Ćeotina, Ćotina or Čehotina, is a 125 kilometres (78 mi) long river in Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is a right bank tributary of the Drina river.
The Uvac is an international trans-boundary river, rising under Golija mountain and Pešter plateau, then flowing through southwestern Serbia and cross into eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina where, after 115 km, it finally meets the Lim river from the right, however, before it empties into the Lim, for a 10 kilometers Uvac forms the border between two countries. Also, while meandering through Serbia, Uvac loosely makes the northern border of the Raška region, too.
The Trebišnjica is a river in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the right tributary of the Neretva. Before it was utilized for hydro exploitation via various hydrotechnical interventions and systems with different purposes, Trebišnjica used to be a sinking river, rising and sinking through its course before resurfacing at various places from the Neretva river below the Čapljina to the Adriatic coast, and along the coast from the Neretva Delta to Sutorina.
The Studenica is a river in southwestern Serbia, a 60 km-long left tributary to the Ibar river.
The Tara River Canyon, also known as the Tara River Gorge, is the river canyon of the Tara river. It is for the most part located in Montenegro, and to a smaller extent in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The most attractive part of the canyon are the high rocks of the mountain range of Ljubišnja, which are located in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Durmitor National Park.
The Drina is a 346 km (215 mi) long river in the Balkans, which forms a large portion of the border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia. It is the longest tributary of the Sava River and the longest karst river in the Dinaric Alps which belongs to the Danube River drainage basin. Its name is derived from the Roman name of the river which in turn is derived from Greek.
Maglić is a transboundary mountain in the Dinaric Alps, on the border of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro.
The Morača is a major river in Montenegro that originates in the northern region in Kolašin Municipality under Mount Rzača. It meanders southwards for 99.5 km (61.8 mi) before emptying into Lake Skadar. Its drainage basin covers 3,257 km2 (1,258 sq mi).
Upper Neretva, is the upper course of the Neretva river, including vast mountainous area surrounding the Neretva, with numerous human settlements, peaks and forests, numerous streams and well-springs, three major glacial lakes near the river and even more scattered across the mountains of Treskavica and Zelengora, in a wider area of the Upper Neretva with its flora and fauna.
The Sutjeska is a 35 km-long river in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is a tributary of the Drina river, which it meets south of Foča.
Šćepan Polje is the name of a small settlement and the region in Plužine Municipality, northwestern Montenegro. It is the border crossing point between Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, where the Tara river forms the border between the two countries. Right across the river and the state border is the village of Hum.
Bijela, or also Bijela rijeka in case of rivers, may refer to:
The Prača is a left tributary of the Drina in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. It source is in Pale, Bosnia and Herzegovina at an altitude of 1540 m. After 55 km it flows into the Drina in Ustiprača. The Prača Canyon is declared a nature monument and a protected landscape, including caves of Mračna Pećina and Govještica as Special geo-morphological reserves of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Vojnik is a mountain range located between the city of Nikšić and towns Šavnik and Plužine in western Montenegro. The name of the mountains means "soldier" in Montenegrin language. The highest point of Vojnik is the eponymous peak which is 1,998 m (6,555 ft) high.
Maglić is a mountain situated in the central region of Montenegro, just 18 km north of the capital, Podgorica. Positioned on the Montenegrin side of the border with Bosnia, it has an altitude of 2,388 meters above sea level, standing 2 meters taller than its counterpart on the Bosnian side of the border.