The 1980 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad and commonly known as Moscow 1980, were an international multi-sport event held from 19 July to 3 August 1980 in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, in present-day Russia. The Games were the first to be staged in an Eastern Bloc country, as well as the first Olympic Games and only Summer Olympics to be held in a Slavic language-speaking country. They were also the only Summer Olympic Games to be held in a communist country until the 2008 Summer Olympics held in China. These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC Presidency of Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin before succedded by Juan Antonio Samaranch, a Spaniard, shortly afterwards.
The Russian ruble or rouble is the official currency of the Russian Federation. The ruble is subdivided into 100 kopeks. The first Russian ruble replaced the Soviet ruble in September 1993 at parity or 1 SUR = 1 RUR. In 1998, preceding the financial crisis, the current ruble was redenominated with the new code "RUB" and was exchanged at the rate of 1 RUB = 1,000 RUR.
The som is the currency of the Kyrgyz Republic.
Joint Stock Company "Goznak" is a Russian joint-stock company responsible for research and development as well as manufacturing security products including banknotes, coins, stamps, identity cards, secure documents, state orders and medals, as well as providing secure services. It incorporates seven factories and one research and development institute involved in different stages of the development, research, and manufacturing cycle.
The ruble or rouble is the currency unit of Russia and some states in Eastern Europe closely associated with the economy of Russia. As of 2022, the three variants of rubles in circulation are—the Russian ruble in Russia, Abkhazia and South Ossetia, the Belarusian ruble in Belarus and the unrecognised Transnistrian ruble in Transnistria.
Platinum coins are a form of currency. Platinum has an international currency symbol under ISO 4217 of XPT. The issues of legitimate platinum coins were initiated by Spain in Spanish-colonized America in the 18th century and continued by the Russian Empire in the 19th century. As a form of currency, these coins proved to be impractical: platinum resembles many less expensive metals, and, unlike the more malleable and ductile silver and gold, it is very difficult to work. Several commemorative coin sets have been issued starting from 1978 and became popular among coin collectors. The major platinum bullion coins include the American Platinum Eagle, the Canadian Platinum Maple Leaf, the Australian Platinum Koala, the Isle of Man Noble, the Chinese Platinum Panda, the Austrian Vienna Philharmonic and several series by the Soviet Union and later by the Russian Federation.
The Rusakov Workers' Club in Moscow is a notable example of constructivist architecture. Designed by Konstantin Melnikov, it was constructed in 1927–28. The club is built on a fan-shaped plan, with three cantilevered concrete seating areas rising above the base. Each of these volumes can be used as a separate auditorium, and combined they result in a capacity of over 1,000 people. At the rear of the building are more conventional offices. The only visible materials used in its construction are concrete, brick and glass. The function of the building is to some extent expressed in the exterior, which Melnikov described as a "tensed muscle".
Chervonets is the traditional Russian name for large foreign, and domestic gold coins. The name comes from the Russian term "червонное золото", meaning “red gold" – the old name of a high-grade gold type.
The first USSR stamps or First All-Russia Agricultural Exhibition issue appeared in August 1923 as a series of Soviet Union postage stamps. Its designer was the Russian artist Georgy Pashkov.
Rus' letopises or Rus’ Letopisi are the main type of Old Rus historical literature. Composed from 11th to 18th centuries the letopises are one of the leading genres Old East Slavic literature and among the most extensive monuments to it.
Ivan Georgiyevich Dzhukha is a Russian geologist and writer of Greek descent, specialised in history of persecuted Greeks in the Soviet Union during Stalins' period. He is notoriously known for his subjective, controversial and biased views on the history of Greeks who lived in the former USSR.
The Solzhenitsyn Aid Fund was a charity foundation and support network set up by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and Alexander Ginzburg that distributed funds and material support to political and religious prisoners across the Soviet Union throughout the 1970s and 1980s.
Monument to Yuri Gagarin is a 42.5-meter high pedestal and statue of Yuri Gagarin, the first person to travel in space. It is located at Leninsky Prospekt in Moscow. The pedestal is designed to be reminiscent of a rocket exhaust. The statue is made of titanium, a metal often used in spacecraft, and weighs 12 tons.
The World Children's Winners Games better known as The Winners games are international sports competitions for young cancer survivors. The project was launched by the Podari Zhizn Foundation in 2010. Since 2018 regional stages of the Winners Games are held not only in Russia but in other countries as well.
Elena Eskina is a retired Russian field hockey player and umpire.
Pavel Vladimirovich Shishkin is a Russian businessman, philanthropist and former professional volleyball player.
Grigory Dementevich Kostomarov, was a Russian writer, participant of the Great October Socialist Revolution, Doktor Nauk in Historical Sciences, professor, head of the Department of CPSU History at the Academy of Social Sciences at the Central Committee of the CPSU, director of the Institute of CPSU History at the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU. He died in Moscow, was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery. His wife is Zolotova-Kostomarova Maria Iosifovna, doctor, Doktor Nauk in Medical Sciences, professor. His son is Vitaly Grigorievich Kostomarov.
The Russian Empire minted platinum coins from 1828 to 1845, with face values of 3, 6, and 12 rubles.
The Russian Federation issued 16 platinum coins starting from 1992, with the face value (weight) of 25, 50 and 150 rubles. Minting was suspended in 1996, with the last coin of 150 rubles dedicated to the 1240 Battle of the Neva.
