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Poets of the Charyapada or Sidhacharyas wrote Charyapada. Usually the Vajrayani and Sahajani Acharyas were called "Siddhacharya". In Tibetan and Indian legends he is known as 84 Siddhas . However, it is not known exactly who these 84 Siddhacharyas were. [1]
Charya poets were natives of various regions of Eastern India and Nepal state. Some were natives of East Bengal, some of North Bengal, some of Rahar. Some were from Bihar, some from Odisha, some from Assam or Kamrup. They came from Brahmins, Kayasthas, Kaivartas, Kshatriyas, merchants and even the lower classes. Some were even royal. Their caste cannot be determined by the name as they abandoned the ancestral name of Purvashram. Modern researchers are of the opinion that some secretly practiced sex in the name of Sadhana. [2]
A total of 24 names of Siddhacharyas are found in 50 Charyas in the discovered statuette. They are: lui, kukkuri, birua, Gundari, Chatil, Bhusuku, Kanhapa, Kambalbar, Dombi, Shanti, Mahitta, Veena, Sarah, Jayanandi, Dharma, Tantipa, Laridombi. The post of Laridombi was not found among them. Although verses numbered 24, 25 and 48 are not found in the Haraprasad Shastri discovered manuscript, the Tibetan translation discovered by Dr. Prabodhachandra Bagchi mentions their authors as Kahn, Tanti Pa and Kukkuri respectively. [3] Most of these names were their pseudonyms and they used the word 'pa' (<pada) at the end of the name in a derogatory sense.
Luipada is generally considered to be the original Siddhacharya. According to Tanjar description he was a Bengali. He was a resident of Chandradwip and his name is still revered in Radha and Mayurbhanj. His other name is Luyipad or Luyicharan in Charya's commentary. Pada Nos. 1 and 29 are written by him. [4]
Kahn or Kahnpad is the author of the largest number of verses in Charya Punthi. He is also known as Krishnacharya, Krishnapada and Krishnavajra. A total of 11 verses (verses 7, 9, 11, 12, 18, 19, 24, 36, 40, 42 and 45) are found in Punthi. [4] He is said to have been born in a Brahmin family in Odisha. He used to write verses in Shauraseni corrupt and Magadhi corrupt Bengali. [5]
In Charyapad Granth Kankan Para is accepted as a term. Kankan is a descendant of Kambalambar. He was the king of Vishnunagar in his early life. The impression of corruption is found in the language of his charaps. His lifetime is the latter part of the ninth century. He is believed to have been a disciple of Darik Par. [6]
Charyapada adopted a term for Aryadevpa. Aryadeva Pa Kambalambara's contemporary. According to Taranatha he was the king of Mebar and disciple of Gorakhnath. The language of his post is Oriya. He is believed to have belonged to the first quarter of the 8th century. [6]
A term Gundripa is adopted in the Charyapada texts. Gundari Pa lived during Devapal's reign (806–849). His lifetime low is 840. His place of birth is Dishunagar. He is Lohar or Karmakara and Siddha in Varna. He is the Sarhopar's preceptor. [6]
A pada of Jayanandipa is adopted in Charyapada Granth. Jayanandi was the minister of a king of Bangla. He is a Brahmin by caste. His official language is the archaic form of modern Indian Aryan, namely Proto-Maithili-Oriya-Bengali-Assamese. [6]
One post of Dhendhanpara has been accepted in Charyapada. Dhendan means one who brings alms by playing the dhri or dugdugi. Dhendan Par birthplace Avantinagar-Ujjain. He was a weaver by caste and Siddha. He lived during the Deva Pal-Vigraha Pal period. The upper limit of his lifetime is 845 AD. [6]
There was one post of Dharmapa accepted at Charyapada. Dham or Dharmapa Kahnpar was a disciple. He was born in Bikrampur to a Brahmin family. His official language is Bangla. According to Rahul Sankrityayana, he lived during the Vigraha Pal-Narayana Pal reign. The lower limit of his lifetime is 875 AD. He was a bhikkhu and a siddha. [6]
A term of veenapara is adopted in Charyapade texts. Birthplace of Veena Par Gahoor. He was a Kshatriya and his guru was Buddha Pada. He is a man of the ninth century. The language of his charaps is Bengali [6]
Accepted a post of Bhadrapa in Charyapa. According to Muhammad Shahidullah, Bhadrapad or Vadepa was Kahnpa's disciple. His birthplace is Mahibhadra. His official language is Bengali. According to Rahul Sankrityayana, Bhade Par appears during the Vigraha Pal-Narayana Pal reign. The lower limit of his lifetime is 875 AD. He was born in Shabanti, painter by profession and Siddha. [6] [6]
There was accepted a post of Shanti Par in Charyapada. Shanti Pa was the Dwarpandit of Vikramshila Vihar. Dipankar Sreegyan Atish is his disciple. He was alive in the early eleventh century. The language of his charaps is ancient Maithili. Shanti Pa Ratnakara is short for Shanti. [6]
Four posts have been accepted in Charyapada of Sarha Pa. Saraha Pa was a Brahmin whose birthplace was Rajnidesh probably North Bengal-Kamrup. King Ratnapala of Kamrup (1000-1030 AD) was his disciple. He lived in the first half of the eleventh century. He composed Dohkosha in Apavramsh language. His official language is Banga-Kamrupi. He was a monk and a siddha. [6]
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Mahasiddha is a term for someone who embodies and cultivates the "siddhi of perfection". A siddha is an individual who, through the practice of sādhanā, attains the realization of siddhis, psychic and spiritual abilities and powers.
Sahaja means spontaneous enlightenment in Indian and Tibetan Buddhist spirituality. Sahaja practices first arose in Bengal during the 8th century among yogis called Sahajiya siddhas.
The Charyapada is a collection of mystical poems, songs of realization in the Vajrayana tradition of Buddhism from the tantric tradition in Assam, Bengal, Bihar and Odisha.
Shreekrishna Kirtana Kabya is a Bengali pastoral Vaishnava drama in verse composed by Boru Chandidas. It is considered to be one of the most significant works after Charyapada in the history of Bengali literature. These verses are believed to be written in the pre-Chaitanya era of the later half of 14th century CE.
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Assamese literature is the entire corpus of poetry, novels, short stories, plays, documents and other writings in the Assamese language. It also includes the literary works in the older forms of the language during its evolution to the contemporary form and its cultural heritage and tradition. The literary heritage of the Assamese language can be traced back to the c. 9–10th century in the Charyapada, where the earliest elements of the language can be discerned.
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Kānhapā, Kanha or Kanhapada or Krishnacharya was one of the main poets of Charyapada, the earliest known example of Assamese, Bengali, Maithili, Bhojpuri, and Odia literature. He was a tantric Buddhist and a disciplle of Jalandhar. Kanhapada is also a prominent siddhacharya to Nath Sampradaya after Matsyendranatha and Gorakhnath. His poems in Charjyapad are written in a code, whereby every poem has a descriptive or narrative surface meaning but also encodes tantric Buddhist teachings. Some experts believe this was to conceal sacred knowledge from the uninitiated, while others hold that it was to avoid religious persecution.
Luipa or Luipada was a mahasiddha siddhacharya from Bengal. He was a Buddhist saint from the Kãivartā community. He was a poet and writer of a number of Buddhist texts mainly the Charyapada which is the earliest form of languages like Bengali, Assamese, Oriya, Bhojpuri, and Maithili.
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