Pontiac Correctional Center

Last updated
Pontiac Correctional Center
Pontiac Correctional Center
Location700 W Lincoln Street
Pontiac, Illinois
Statusopen
Security classMaximum
Capacity2298
Opened1871
Managed by Illinois Department of Corrections

Pontiac Correctional Center, established in June 1871, is an Illinois Department of Corrections maximum security prison (Level 1) for adult males in Pontiac, Illinois. The prison also has a medium security unit that houses medium to minimum security inmates and is classified as Level 3. Until the 2011 abolition of the death penalty in Illinois, [1] the prison housed male death row inmates, but had no execution chamber. Inmates were executed at the Tamms Correctional Center. Although the capacity of the prison is 2172, it has an average daily population of approximately 2000 inmates.

Contents

In May 2008, Governor Rod Blagojevich proposed to shut down the Pontiac facility, with a phase-out plan to take place from January through February 2009. The inmate population would be transferred to the Thomson facility, a newly built maximum security prison, which is also equipped to house segregated inmates. Illinois has since sold Thomson to the Federal Bureau of Prisons. The Pontiac facility is one of the largest employers in the Livingston County community. Blagojevich's successor, Pat Quinn, cancelled plans to close Pontiac Correctional Center in March 2009 after taking office. [2] [3]

History to 1931

The prison was operated as a boys' reform school from 1872 to 1893. It was formally established as the State Reformatory for youths after that. Among its early detainees was Charles Hair, a Cherokee convicted at age 12 of intent to assault an officer, as he was picked up in an armed raid by law offices in November 1892 raid at the fort of Ned Christie, also Cherokee. Christie had been declared an outlaw after being wrongly accused of killing a federal marshal in 1887, and was killed in the raid. Hair was held in Illinois for three years. [4]

When the prison was expanded to house an adult population, the buildings of the former reform school were used as the administrative offices. Two cell houses were constructed. One was a 4-tier cell house holding 296 cells, each of which measured 8'3" x 7' x 8'. The other was 5 tiers, housing 500 cells measuring 8'x 5'x 8'. The cells had iron bars in the front and contained a cot or spring bed, a stool and locker.

In 1929, there were 1,405 inmates and 57 guards, making the ratio approximately 1 guard to 25 inmates. [5] In 1931, an additional cell house with 440 cells on 5 tiers was built. In this cell house, two men were assigned to each 8'x10'x8' cell, sharing a bunk bed, a cabinet, a desk, and outlet for a radio. With the new cell houses, the prison population grew to 2,504 inmates with 150 guards, or approximately 1 guard per 17 inmates. The prison housed 2,504 inmates (1,959 white, 535 black, 10 other). [6]

Rules and regulations

The inmates were allowed to smoke in their cells at specified times. Relatives were allowed to visit once a month on any day except Saturday afternoons, Sundays, and holidays. [5] [7] Twice a month, inmates were allowed to write letters: one to a friend and one to a parent. A married prisoner was permitted to write every week. The inmates could buy tobacco, candy and toiletries weekly and could receive newspapers and magazines from the publisher. [8]

Punishments

The loss of prisoner privileges for periods of 10 to 30 days was the most common type of punishment. Inmates were put in certain confinement cells with nothing but a slice of bread to eat every morning for 3 to 8 days, for worse violations. [5]

In the 21st century, inmates are disciplined in many forms for known violations of laws or rules of the institution or department, for which they receive tickets. They may be restricted in yard time, from using audio visual items, or from purchasing items at the commissary. Inmates may also be put on a 72-hour property restrictions, confined to their cells, for instances such as having unauthorized materials or contraband, or assaulting staff or other inmates.

Allegations of a "three-man team" being assembled by an officer at PCC, to punish, abuse and cover-up abuse of inmates was reported in 2022 by Criminal. [9]

Riots

On April 23, 1973, a brawl broke out at Pontiac involving 100 inmates using homemade knives, cleaning utensils, and metal trays as weapons in the mess hall. By the time guards fired tear gas to suppress the violence, two inmates had been stabbed and killed. According to Time Magazine, this fight had been sparked by competition among members of rival Chicago gangs who were imprisoned. [10]

On July 22, 1978, a riot erupted that involved more than 1,000 inmates and resulted in one of the deadliest riots in Illinois prison history. The riot began around 9:45 in the morning, when 600 prisoners were returning to the cell house on the north end of the prison from the recreational yard. Armed with shanks, prisoners attacked officers inside the cell house. According to investigators, prison gangs directed the attack to challenge Warden Thaddeus Pinkney. Soon the local and state police arrived and fired eight rounds of tear gas into the prison yard. Prisoners set buildings on fire, causing other prisoners to get involved. After many hours, the troops got all inmates back into their cells. Lieutenant William Thomas and two correctional officers, Robert Conkle and Stanley Cole, were killed; three correctional officers, Danny Dill, Dale Walker and Sharon Pachet, were injured. [11]

The warden put a "deadlock" system into effect until October 16, 1978. Prisoners were not allowed to leave their cells for any reason. Their meals were brought to them; all recreational time and work assignments were cancelled. The prisoners were not allowed to shower until October. Family visits were banned until October 14, and they were not allowed to make phone calls to their families until September 30. The officials of the prison began a renewed search of prisoners for weapons on October 2 and ended October 13. [12]

The prisoners filed a complaint in the district court on August 31 stating the "deadlock" was longer than was needed to restore order and was having adverse effects on the prisoners' mental and physical health. The district judge decided to wait until after the "shakedown" of weapons search to make any decisions. After the shakedown, on November 3, the court ordered Pontiac Correctional Center to restore the family visitation hours and phone privileges as they were before the riot, as well as the meals, exercise and work times. The court also required the prison to provide two hours of yard recreation a week to the prisoners. [12]

Because of this riot, the prison instituted a policy of moving only a few inmates at a time in a line. As 1997, prisoners in the maximum security unit are kept in their cell 24 hours a day, with exception of days when they are allowed limited time for yard recreation, use of the law library, showers, and visits.

By 2008, a general population of prisoners had been reintroduced to Pontiac Correctional Center. Inmates who are not in segregation status are given more time out of their cells, including social time on rec yards, in the gym, and at dining times. Protective custody and inmates from the medium-security unit may obtain jobs within the prison, ranging from cellhouse porter to lawn care or vehicle maintenance. In addition, inmates of all confinement statuses may participate in mental health and medical "groups". Church services are held at the center, and the protective custody unit has its own inmate choir. [13]

Recent assaults

In January 2013, an officer working in the Protective Custody unit of Pontiac CC was attacked and severely injured by an inmate; the officer was hospitalized. The inmate was convicted on charges of aggravated battery and sentenced to 20 years in state prison. This sentence is running concurrent to the 85-year sentence which the inmate had earlier received for armed robbery and murder in Cook County. [14]

In March 2015, officers received a tip that an inmate in the North Cellhouse had a homemade weapon in his cell and had threatened to use it against staff. The prison's Tactical Team was mobilized after the inmate refused to comply with orders to put on restraints for a cell search. When the team entered the cell and attempted to restrain the inmate, he stabbed 3 officers multiple times on the hands, arms, and legs. The officers were treated at an outside hospital for non-life-threatening injuries. [15]

In the summer of 2016, an officer was escorting an inmate to a new cell in the East Cellhouse. The inmate had just been released from segregation status to general population. When the officer went to key open the cell door to let the inmate in, the inmate attacked him, punching him in the face. Tower officers alerted other staff, who subdued the inmate. The officer was transported to a local hospital and treated for his injuries.

On August 21, 2016, an inmate punched a correctional lieutenant, starting a fight that involved six employees and five inmates. It resulted in four correctional officers (2 male, 2 female) and two lieutenants (1 female, 1 male) being treated for injuries, including possible concussions. According to Joe Lewis, a correctional officer and union official at the Pontiac facility, other inmate violence against employees was occurring. He said that the prison administration was ignoring policies to keep workers safe, or substituting ineffective practices.

Illinois Department of Corrections spokeswoman Nicole Wilson disputed Lewis's statement, saying,

"The events that led to this incident do not appear to be the result of a lack of policy or a breakdown in existing policies but rather a failure to follow workplace safety procedures already in place, DOC's investigation will include why procedures weren't followed and how future incidents can be prevented." [16]

Both the staff and AFSCME (employees' union) denied that employees had violated any procedure. The IDOC and the Governors office had not identified the policy that was violated. As of January 2017, the last of the injured staff members returned to work. The inmates involved were successful in getting in-house department discipline dismissed. The Livingston County State's attorney is pursuing criminal charges against the inmates involved. Those inmates will begin arrangements in March 2017. [17]

On February 12, 2017, less than 16 hours after the assault noted above, an inmate stabbed an officer in the side of the head/temple area in Property. The institution had been placed on a level 4 lockdown following the previous night's incident. Staff had been ordered to continue some normal movement, which included moving inmates to and from the property building to prepare for transfers. When the general population inmates were packing out, one inmate took the opportunity to stab an officer in the side of the head. The injured officer along with his lieutenant and two other officers managed to subdue the inmate while an emergency code was called. Responding staff removed both the inmate and the injured officer from the area. The officer was treated and released from a local hospital. Following this incident, the facility was placed on a Level One Lockdown. [18]

Proposed prison closing

In May 2008 the governor of Illinois, Rod Blagojevich, announced his intention to close Pontiac CC by February 2009 and to move about half the inmates to a prison in Thomson, Illinois. [19] Many residents of Pontiac opposed the plan, fearing "570 jobs in this central Illinois town would be lost." [20] The prison is the second-largest employer in Livingston County. [21] Citizens gathered together to hold rallies seeking the support of the governor. [20] On September 15 a joint meeting in Chicago and Springfield was held on the issue, for voting by the Commission on Government Forecasting and Accountability. At this meeting 9 of 12 people voted to keep the prison open. While Governor Blagojevich would have made the final decision, he would have taken this vote into consideration. [21]

On September 16 employees of Pontiac Correctional Center filed a lawsuit stating "the state does not have a right to close the facility because it has budgeted money to run the prison through June 2009." Further, they said that "Gov. Rod Blagojevich and the Illinois Department of Corrections cannot close the prison because funding was provided in the 2008-09 budget, which was passed by the Illinois General Assembly and signed into law by Blagojevich." [19] On September 17, an independent commission of state lawmakers rejected closing the prison, despite the claims by the Department of Corrections that such action would save money in the next year's budget. [21] Pat Quinn, lieutenant governor of Illinois since 2003, assumed the governorship in January 2009 after Blagojevich was impeached for corruption charges. (He was later convicted and imprisoned.) On March 12, 2009, Governor Quinn cancelled plans to close Pontiac Correctional Center.

In 2020, Governor JB Pritzker proposed the closure of the prison. Plans were finalized in early 2022, allowing the prison to remain open, while permanently closing the medium-security unit. [22]

Units

Medium-Security Unit

This unit, commonly referred to as "the farm," was once a working farm that cultivated crops and raised livestock to produce much of the food consumed by the prison. This unit is classified as Level 3 and houses offenders that are medium- to minimum-security inmates. Unit population as of 1/1/2021 was 327. [23]

Maximum-Security Unit

This unit is classified as Level 1. It contains offenders who need to be segregated and are limited in their privileges.

The maximum security unit also houses maximum-security inmates in General Population status, and high-aggression protective-custody inmates. Population as of January 2021 was 738. [23]

North Condemned/Administrative Detention

Until the abolition of the death penalty in Illinois in 2011, this unit housed death row inmates. This unit has been renamed as North Administrative Detention. It now houses inmates who are believed to be gang chiefs and too much of security risks to be housed in the general population.

North Segregation

This unit is the state's main Segregation housing unit for high-aggression inmates who have broken facility rules. Such violations include assaulting staff or inmates, possessing contraband, escape attempts, etc.

East Cell House

This unit holds many different classifications of inmates, including Segregation Release, and Protective Custody.

South Protective Custody Unit

The state's primary Protective Custody Unit. Some of these inmates are former death row offenders. The unit houses between 300-400 inmates.

South Mental Health Unit

This unit provides psychiatric and psychological mental health services for offenders who are sentenced to be within the correctional system for a longer period of time and have a segregated status. These offenders are diagnosed as chronically mentally ill; diagnoses of the inmates have included schizophrenia, psychotic, and bipolar or major affective disorder. Population as of January 2021 is 66. [23]

West Cell House

This unit is general population

Notable inmates

Inmate NameRegister NumberStatusDetails
Brian Dugan A60862Serving 3 life sentences without parole plus 175 years. [24] Originally convicted of murdering two people in the 1980s. [25] [26] In 2009, he was sentenced to death for a third murder, which was automatically changed to life when Illinois abolished the death penalty in 2011. [27] [28] [29]
Timothy Krajcir C96201Serving 13 life terms without parole. [30] [31] Serial killer who murdered 9 women in the 1970s-1980s. [32] [33] [34] [35]
Paul Runge N84715Serving a life sentence. [36] Serial killer who murdered at least 7 people between 1995-1997. [37] [38] [39]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomson, Illinois</span> Village in Illinois, United States

Thomson is a village along Illinois Route 84 near the Mississippi River in Carroll County, Illinois, United States. The population was 590 at the 2010 census, up from 559 at the 2000 census. Just north of the village is the United States Penitentiary, Thomson, a mostly-unused former state prison, purchased by the Federal Bureau of Prisons in 2012. Currently USP Thomson houses over 100 low-security inmates as it remodels to federal maximum-security standards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">California State Prison, Corcoran</span> Prison in California

California State Prison, Corcoran (COR) is a male-only state prison located in the city of Corcoran, in Kings County, California. It is also known as Corcoran State Prison, CSP-C, CSP-COR, CSP-Corcoran, and Corcoran I. The facility is just north of the newer California Substance Abuse Treatment Facility and State Prison, Corcoran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oak Park Heights Prison</span> Maximum security prison in Minnesota, United States

Minnesota Correctional Facility – Oak Park Heights (MCF-OPH) is Minnesota's only Level Five maximum security prison. The facility is located near the cities of Bayport and Stillwater. The facility is designed and employed with trained security officers to handle not only Minnesota's high-risk inmates but other states' as well. They also have the largest contract to house federal inmates with serious, violent histories. The prison has never had an escape, and only one homicide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Long Bay Correctional Centre</span> Building

The Long Bay Correctional Complex, commonly called Long Bay, is a correctional facility comprising a heritage-listed maximum and minimum security prison for males and females and a hospital to treat prisoners, psychiatric cases and remandees, located in Malabar, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The complex is located approximately 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) south of the Sydney CBD and is contained within a 32-hectare (79-acre) site. The facility is operated by Corrective Services New South Wales, a department administered by the Government of New South Wales.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Supermax prison</span> Most secure levels of custody in the prison systems of certain countries

A super-maximum security (supermax) or administrative maximum (ADX) prison is a "control-unit" prison, or a unit within prisons, which represents the most secure level of custody in the prison systems of certain countries.

The Iowa State Penitentiary (ISP) is an Iowa Department of Corrections maximum security prison for men located in the Lee County, Iowa, community of Fort Madison. This facility should not be confused with the Historical Iowa State Penitentiary, which was shut down in 2015 after being open for 175 years. The HISP itself was a 550-person maximum security unit. Also on the complex was a John Bennett Correctional Center - a 169-person medium security unit. The HISP included two minimum-security farms with about 170 people who were located within a few miles of the main complex. The complex also had a ten-person multiple care unit, and a 120-bed special-needs unit for prisoners with mental illness or other diseases that require special medical care. In total, there were about 950 inmates and 510 staff members.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Federal Correctional Institution, Thomson</span> Maximum security federal prison in Illinois

The Federal Correctional Institution, Thomson, formerly United States Penitentiary, Thomson and Thomson Correctional Center, is a low-security federal prison located in Thomson, Illinois. It has an area of about 146 acres (59 ha) and comprises 15 buildings. The facility is enclosed by a 15-foot (4.6 m), 7000 volt electric fence surrounded by an additional 12-foot (3.7 m) exterior fence covered with razor wire. Thomson has eight cellhouses with a rated capacity of 2,100 beds—1,900 high-security SMU beds and 200 minimum-security beds at the onsite camp—and according to BOP officials, the potential to use some of its high-security rated capacity to house up to 400 ADX inmates. From its completion in 2001 to 2006, it remained empty. By 2009, only the minimum-security section housed prisoners.

Elmira Correctional Facility, also known as "The Hill", is a maximum security state prison located in Chemung County, in the City of Elmira in the US state of New York. It is operated by the New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision. A supermax prison, Southport Correctional Facility, is located 2 miles (3.2 km) away from Elmira.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Menard Correctional Center</span> Prison in Illinois, United States

Menard Correctional Center, known prior to 1970 as Southern Illinois Penitentiary, is an Illinois state prison located in the town of Chester in Randolph County, Illinois. It houses maximum-security and high-medium-security adult males. The average daily population as of 2007 was 3,410.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oklahoma State Penitentiary</span> Prison in McAlester, Oklahoma, U.S

The Oklahoma State Penitentiary, nicknamed "Big Mac", is a prison of the Oklahoma Department of Corrections located in McAlester, Oklahoma, on 1,556 acres (6.30 km2). Opened in 1908 with 50 inmates in makeshift facilities, today the prison holds more than 750 male offenders, the vast majority of which are maximum-security inmates. They also hold many death row prisoners.

Great Meadow Correctional Facility is a maximum security prison in New York State in the United States. The prison is in Comstock, a hamlet right outside of the village of Fort Ann in Washington County, New York. As of September 3, 2008 it was home to 1,663 inmates. When Great Meadow opened in 1911 it was the fourth prison for adult males constructed in the state of New York.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Massachusetts Correctional Institution – Concord</span> Prison in Concord, Massachusetts

The Massachusetts Correctional Institution at Concord (MCI-Concord) was a medium security prison for men located in Concord, Massachusetts in the United States. Opened in 1878, it was the oldest running state prison for men in Massachusetts. It was under the jurisdiction of the Massachusetts Department of Correction. The facility had a total capacity of 614 general population beds, but with a long-term decline in the number of men incarcerated for the entire state, the population as of January 2024 had decreased to about 300, which made Governor Maura Healey announce a plan to close the prison in the summer of that year and transfer the remaining prisoners to other facilities.

The Pendleton Correctional Facility, formerly known as the Indiana Reformatory, is a state prison located in Fall Creek Township, Madison County, near Pendleton and about 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Indianapolis. Established in 1923, it was built to replace the Indiana State Reformatory located in Jeffersonville after a fire severely damaged the original property. The Pendleton facility currently offers maximum and minimum-security housing for adult males over 22 years old. The maximum-security portion is made up of 31 acres (130,000 m2) surrounded by a concrete wall. It has an average daily population of approximately 1,650 inmates. Located on the grounds outside the enclosure, the minimum-security dormitory holds approximately 200 prisoners on a daily basis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monroe Correctional Complex</span>

The Monroe Correctional Complex is a Washington State Department of Corrections men's prison located in Monroe, Washington, United States. With a bed capacity of over 3,100, it is the largest prison in the state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Minnesota Correctional Facility – St. Cloud</span> Prison in the United States

Minnesota Correctional Facility – St. Cloud is a state prison in St. Cloud, Minnesota, United States. Established in 1889 as the Minnesota State Reformatory for Men, it is a level four, close-security institution with an inmate population of about 1,000 men. MCF-St. Cloud serves as the intake facility for men committed to prison in Minnesota.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kentucky State Penitentiary</span> Maximum security prison located in Eddyville, Kentucky

The Kentucky State Penitentiary (KSP), also known as the "Castle on the Cumberland", is a maximum security and supermax prison with capacity for 856 prisoners located in Eddyville, Kentucky on Lake Barkley on the Cumberland River, about 4.8 kilometres (3 mi) from downtown Eddyville. It is managed by the Kentucky Department of Corrections. Completed in 1886, it is Kentucky's oldest prison facility and the only commonwealth-owned facility with supermax units. The penitentiary houses Kentucky's male death row inmates and the commonwealth's execution facility. As of 2015, it had approximately 350 staff members and an annual operating budget of $20 million. In most cases, inmates are not sent directly to the penitentiary after sentencing but are sent there because of violent or disruptive behavior committed in other less secure correctional facilities in the commonwealth. This was Kentucky's second penitentiary: the first was made uninhabitable by a flood in 1937.

Dwight Correctional Center (DCC), also known as Oakdale Reformatory for Women, and Illinois Penitentiary for Women at Dwight, was a women's prison in Livingston County, Illinois, United States, outside the village of Dwight, Illinois. It operated from 1930 to 2013.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Union Correctional Institution</span> State prison in Union County, Florida

The Union Correctional Institution, formerly referred to as Florida State Prison, Raiford Prison and State Prison Farm is a Florida Department of Corrections state prison located in unincorporated Union County, Florida, near Raiford.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lowell Correctional Institution</span> Prison in Florida, United States

Lowell Correctional Institution is a women's prison in unincorporated Marion County, Florida, north of Ocala, in the unincorporated area of Lowell. A part of the Florida Department of Corrections, it serves as the primary prison for women in the state. Almost 3,000 women are incarcerated in the complex, which includes the Lowell Annex. As of 2015 2,696 women are in the main Lowell CI, making it the largest prison for women in the United States; its prison population became larger than that of the Central California Women's Facility that year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">W.J. Estelle Unit</span> Prison operated by the U.S. state of Texas

W. J. "Jim" Estelle Unit also known as the Estelle Supermax Penitentiary, is a prison located on Farm to Market Road 3478 in unincorporated Walker County, Texas, United States, 10 miles (16 km) north of central Huntsville. The prison, with about 5,459 acres (2,209 ha) of space, is operated by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. The unit, which opened in June 1984, was named after Ward James "Jim" Estelle, a former prison director of Texas.

References

  1. ↑ Smith, Matt."Illinois abolishes death penalty." CNN . March 9, 2011.
  2. ↑ Colindres, Adriana (2008-05-05). "Administration wants to close Pontiac Correctional Center". GateHouse News Service. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
  3. ↑ "Commission on Government Forecasting and Accountability - Home Page". cgfa.ilga.gov.
  4. ↑ Devon A. Mihesuah, 2018, Ned Christie, Chapter 6
  5. 1 2 3 "State Reformatory: Pontiac, Illinois", Handbook of American Prisons, 1929.
  6. ↑ "State Reformatory: Pontiac, Illinois". Handbook of American Prisons, 1931
  7. ↑ State Reformatory: Pontiac, Illinois. Handbook of American Prisons,1929.
  8. ↑ State Reformatory:Pontiac, Illinois. Handbook of American Prisons.
  9. ↑ "Episode 187: 427 Emails (4.22.2022)". Criminal. April 22, 2022. Retrieved April 28, 2022.
  10. ↑ "The Gang's All Here". Time. 27 April 1973. Archived from the original on October 26, 2012. Retrieved 2 January 2009.
  11. ↑ "30 years later: Memories of Illinois' worst prison riot". The Pantagraph. 22 July 2008. Retrieved 2 January 2009.
  12. 1 2 "1crawler.com". 1crawler.com. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  13. ↑ "22". Pantagraph.com. Retrieved 2012-07-06.
  14. ↑ kurt.erickson@lee.net, Kurt Erickson | (29 January 2013). "Pontiac prison guard may need surgery after assault by inmate". pantagraph.com. Retrieved 2022-05-17.
  15. ↑ Writer, JOHN O'CONNOR AP Political (23 March 2015). "3 Pontiac Correctional Center officers injured in inmate attack". The Southern. Retrieved 2022-05-17.
  16. ↑ "Illinois prison on lockdown after inmates attack corrections officers". STLtoday.com. Associated Press. 22 August 2016. Retrieved 2022-05-17.
  17. ↑ "Charges to be filed against Pontiac Correctional Center Inmates - WEEK.com: Peoria-area News, Weather, Sports". 2018-07-09. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 2022-05-17.
  18. ↑ Sobota, Lenore (13 February 2017). "Union: Pontiac guard stabbed in head; prison on lockdown". pantagraph.com. Retrieved 2022-05-17.
  19. 1 2 "18". Pantagraph.com. Retrieved 2012-07-06.
  20. 1 2 "Proposed Prison Closing Hits at the Heart of a Town". The New York Times. August 24, 2008.
  21. 1 2 3 "Topic Galleries". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved 2012-07-06.
  22. ↑ brenden.moore@lee.net, BRENDEN MOORE (15 February 2022). "Watch now: State plans drastic downsize of Pontiac, Vandalia prisons". pantagraph.com. Retrieved 2022-05-17.
  23. 1 2 3 "Facilities". www2.illinois.gov. Retrieved 2022-05-17.
  24. ↑ "Dugan moved to death row in Pontiac prison". ABC7. December 17, 2009. Retrieved November 30, 2023.
  25. ↑ "MELISSA`S KILLER PLEADS GUILTY, GETS LIFE". Chicago Tribune. 1985-11-20. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  26. ↑ Coll, Steve (1987-01-28). "THE CONFESSIONS AND THE TANGLE OF DOUBT". Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  27. ↑ "Indictment In 1983 Slaying Of Girl - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. 2005-11-29. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  28. ↑ "Tears of joy as Dugan gets death". Chicago Tribune. 2009-11-12. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  29. ↑ "Nicarico's Dad 'Disgusted' Dugan Won't Face Death Sentence - CBS Chicago". www.cbsnews.com. 2011-03-09. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  30. ↑ "Krajcir Pleads Guilty to All Counts, Gets Life Sentences". 2008-04-04. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  31. ↑ "Serial killer gets 13 life terms - UPI.com". UPI.
  32. ↑ Gay, Malcolm; Einhorn, Catrin (2007-12-11). "Jailed Rapist Confesses to Murders 30 Years Ago". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  33. ↑ "Police: Man admits to 9 killings in Missouri". NBC News. 2007-12-10. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  34. ↑ "Slaying victim is 9th ID'd by cops". Chicago Tribune. 2007-12-20. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  35. ↑ The Associated Press (2007-12-13). "Confessed killer may be tied to more unsolved slayings". The Denver Post. Associated Press. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  36. ↑ "Illinois Department of Corrections Inmate Status: Runge, Paul F."
  37. ↑ Fountain, John W. (2001-06-15). "Man Charged With Killing 7 Chicago Women". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  38. ↑ "Suspect Confesses To Serial Murders - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. 2001-06-15. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  39. ↑ "For sisters' family, some closure in Runge case". Chicago Tribune. 2007-11-08. Retrieved 2024-01-31.
  40. ↑ Steiger, Brad; Steiger, Sherry (2012). Conspiracies and Secret Societies: The Complete Dossier (2nd ed.). Visible Ink Press. p. 18. ISBN   978-1578593682. In 1979 Collin's ambition to lead a new Nazi America was thwarted when he was arrested, convicted, and sent to prison on child molestation charges.
  41. ↑ Freed to Kill: The True Story of Serial Murderer Larry Eyler ISBN   978-1-939-43000-7 p. 1
  42. ↑ "archive.ph". archive.ph. Archived from the original on 2017-02-06. Retrieved 2022-12-30.
  43. ↑ Press, Associated (February 9, 2015). "Drew Peterson charged with attempted murder-for-hire of Illinois prosecutor" – via The Guardian.

40°51′58″N88°38′17″W / 40.86611°N 88.63806°W / 40.86611; -88.63806

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.