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Pornography laws by region vary throughout the world. The production and distribution of pornographic films are both activities that are lawful in many, but by no means all, countries so long as the pornography features performers aged above a certain age, usually eighteen years. Further restrictions are often placed on such material.
Censorship in South Korea is limited by laws that provide for freedom of speech and the press which the government generally respects in practice. Under the National Security Act, the government may limit the expression of ideas that praise or incite the activities of anti-state individuals or groups.
Hulhumeedhoo or Hulhudhoo-Meedhoo is an island located on the northeastern point of Addu City. Even though it is the 5th largest island in the Maldives, Hulhumeedhoo has roughly the land area of New York's Central Park. Although Hulhumeedhoo is geographically one island, it is divided into two administrative constituencies of Addu City, known as Meedhoo and Hulhudhoo, which are roughly the northern half and southern half of Hulhumeedhoo respectively. The name "Hulhumeedhoo" is an amalgamation of the names Hulhudhoo and Meedhoo.
Internet censorship in Pakistan is government control of information sent and received using the Internet in Pakistan. There have been significant instances of website access restriction in Pakistan, most notably when YouTube was banned from 2012-2016. Pakistan has asked a number of social media organisations to set up local offices within the country, but this is yet to happen.
Censorship in Bhutan refers to the way in which the Government of Bhutan controls information within its borders. There are no laws that either guarantee citizens' right to information or explicitly structure a censorship scheme. However, censorship in Bhutan is still conducted by restrictions on the ownership of media outlets, licensing of journalists, and the blocking of websites.
Multiple forms of media including books, newspapers, magazines, films, television, and content published on the Internet are censored in Saudi Arabia.
Internet censorship in Singapore is carried out by the Media Development Authority (MDA). Internet services provided by the three major Internet service providers (ISPs) are subject to regulation by the MDA, which requires blocking of a symbolic number of websites containing "mass impact objectionable" material, including Playboy, YouPorn and Ashley Madison. The civil service, tertiary institutions and Institute of Technical Education has its own jurisdiction to block websites displaying pornography, information about drugs and online piracy.
In the first few years of the 21st century, Iran experienced a great surge in Internet usage. As world Internet usage grew, Internet censorship in Iran has increased and many world popular websites have been blocked in Iran. As of 2018, Iran has an estimate Internet penetration rate of between 64% to 69% out of a population of about 82 million.
Internet censorship in the United Kingdom is conducted under a variety of laws, judicial processes, administrative regulations and voluntary arrangements. It is achieved by blocking access to sites as well as the use of laws that criminalise publication or possession of certain types of material. These include English defamation law, the Copyright law of the United Kingdom, regulations against incitement to terrorism and child pornography.
Internet censorship in Vietnam prevents access to websites critical of the Vietnamese government, expatriate political parties, and international human rights organizations, among others or anything the Vietnamese government does not agree with. Online police reportedly monitor Internet cafes and cyber dissidents have been imprisoned. Vietnam regulates its citizens' Internet access using both legal and technical means. The government's efforts to regulate, monitor, and provide oversight regarding Internet use has been referred to as a "Bamboo Firewall". However, citizens can usually view, comment and express their opinions civilly on the internet, as long as it does not evoke anti-government movement, political coup and disrupt the social stability of the country.
The legal status of fictional pornography depicting minors varies from country to country and concerns both cartoon/drawn depictions and simulated pornography.
In People vs Freeman of 1988, the California Supreme Court stated that adult film production was to be protected as free speech under the First Amendment. They ruled that since such films did not include obscene images and indecency, and stayed within society's standards, the adult film industry should be granted the freedom of speech. Escaping highly regulated government intervention, regulation in the adult film industry has been limited to preventing child pornography. In the United States Code of Regulations, under title Title 18, Section 2257, no performers under the age of 18 are allowed to be employed by adult industry production companies. The failure to abide by this regulation results in civil and criminal prosecutions. To enforce the age entry restriction, all adult industry production companies are required to have a Custodian of Records that documents and holds records of the ages of all performers.
Censorship in Finland refers to government policies in controlling and regulating certain information.
Child pornography is pornography that exploits children for sexual stimulation. It may be produced with the direct involvement or sexual assault of a child or it may be simulated child pornography. Abuse of the child occurs during the sexual acts or lascivious exhibitions of genitals or pubic areas which are recorded in the production of child pornography. Child pornography may use a variety of mediums, including writings, magazines, photos, sculpture, drawing, cartoon, painting, animation, sound recording, film, video, and video games. Child pornography may be created for profit or other reasons.
Internet censorship in South Korea is similar to other developed countries but contains some unique elements such as the blocking of pro-North Korea websites, which led to it being categorized as "pervasive" in the conflict/security area by OpenNet Initiative. It is also one of the few developed countries that block pornography and material considered harmful to minors as they are illegal by law. However, this law is very loosely applied, with many pornography websites and nudity content still freely accessible. It also does not apply to social media websites, which is a common source of legal pornography in South Korea.
Internet censorship in the Russian Federation is enforced on the basis of several laws and through several mechanisms. Since 2012, Russia maintains a centralized internet blacklist maintained by the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media (Roskomnadzor). The list is used for the censorship of individual URLs, domain names, and IP addresses. It was originally introduced to block sites that contain materials advocating drug abuse and drug production, descriptions of suicide methods, and containing child pornography. It was subsequently amended to allow the blocking of materials that are classified as extremist by including them to the Federal List of Extremist Materials. According to Freedom House, these regulations have been frequently abused to block criticism of the federal government or local administrations. A law prohibiting "abuse of mass media freedom" implements a process for the shutting down of online media outlets. In March of 2018 the bill which introduced fines for those who are deemed to be spreading "fake news" and show "blatant disrespect" toward the state authorities was signed into law.
Pornography in Asia is pornography created in Asia, watched in Asia, or consumed or displayed in other parts of the world as one or more genres of Asian porn.
Pornography in China is strictly prohibited under the Chinese criminal law. Those producing, disseminating, or selling sexually explicit material may be sentenced to life imprisonment. There is an ongoing campaign against "spiritual pollution", the term referencing the Chinese Communist party's Anti-Spiritual Pollution Campaign of 1983. Although pornography is illegal, it is available via the Internet. Nationwide surveys between the years 2000 and 2015 revealed "more than 70 percent of men aged 18 to 29 said they had watched porn in the past year."
Pornography in Bangladesh is forbidden. It is against the law to watch, produce, distribute, or possess pornography, since the Pornography Control Act has been passed in 2012.
Ismail Shah is a Maldivian former footballer.
References
- ↑ "Prohibited Items - Maldives Customs Service". www.customs.gov.mv. Retrieved 2017-07-12.
- ↑ "vnews - Nine students from Feydhoo School apprehended over pornographic video". Vnews.mv. Retrieved 2017-11-19.
- ↑ "Maldives Penal Code - Section 617".
- ↑ "Nurse sentenced to six months in prison for producing, possession of pornographic materials". SunOnline. 2014-12-04. Retrieved 2017-11-19.
- ↑ "Maldives | Country report | Freedom of the Press | 2013". Freedom House. Retrieved 2017-07-12.
- ↑ "vnews - Maldives to block pornographic websites". Vnews.mv. Retrieved 2017-07-12.
- ↑ "PG orders Home Minister to block pornographic sites". SunOnline. 2015-02-12. Retrieved 2017-11-19.
- ↑ "Barahanaa sitetha August mahu block kurany". adduLIVE. 2016-05-26. Retrieved 2017-07-12.
- ↑ "Top Sites in Maldives". Alexa. Retrieved 2017-11-19.
