Postgenomic era

In genomics, the postgenomic era (or post-genomic era) refers to the time period from after the completion of the Human Genome Project (HGP) to the present day. The name refers to the fact that the genetic epistemology of contemporary science has progressed beyond the gene-centered view of the earlier genomic era. ^[1] It is defined by the widespread availability of both the human genome sequence and of the complete genomes of many reference organisms. ^[2]

The postgenomic era is characterized by a paradigm shift in which new genetic research has upended many dogmas about the way in which genes influence phenotypes, and the way in which the term "gene" itself is defined. ^{[3] [4]} This has included a new conceptualization of genes as being constituted during "genome expression", ^[5] and the creation of the discipline of functional genomics to analyze genomic data and convert it to useful information. ^[6] It has also seen major changes in the way scientific research is conducted and its results publicized, with open science initiatives allowing knowledge creation to occur well outside the traditional environment of the laboratory. ^[7] This has led to extensive debate about whether the best way to conduct genomic research is at a small or large scale. ^[8]

Soon after the HGP's results were initially announced in 2000, researchers predicted that these results would lead to individualized treatment and more accurate testing for human diseases. ^[9] More recently, researchers have suggested that the way in which human diseases are classified needs to be updated in light of the results of the HGP. ^[10]

References

1. Perbal, Laurence (2015-07-01). "The case of the gene: Postgenomics between modernity and postmodernity". EMBO Reports. 16 (7): 777–781. doi:10.15252/embr.201540179. PMC   4515116 . PMID   26056161.
2. Meystre, Stephane M.; Narus, Scott P.; Mitchell, Joyce A. (2012). "Clinical Research in the Postgenomic Era". Clinical Research Informatics. Health Informatics. London: Springer London. pp. 113–131. doi:10.1007/978-1-84882-448-5_7. ISBN   9781848824478.
3. Chilibeck, Gillian; Lock, Margaret; Sehdev, Megha (June 2011). "Postgenomics, uncertain futures, and the familiarization of susceptibility genes". Social Science & Medicine. 72 (11): 1768–1775. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.01.053. PMC   4993211 . PMID   20570031.
4. Charney, Evan (October 2012). "Behavior genetics and postgenomics" (PDF). Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 35 (5): 331–358. doi:10.1017/S0140525X11002226. hdl: 10161/12550 . PMID   23095378. S2CID   11650500.
5. Stotz, Karola C.; Bostanci, Adam; Griffiths, Paul E. (2006). "Tracking the Shift to 'Postgenomics'" (PDF). Public Health Genomics. 9 (3): 190–196. doi:10.1159/000092656. PMID   16741349. S2CID   9819311.
6. Eisenberg, David; Marcotte, Edward M.; Xenarios, Ioannis; Yeates, Todd O. (June 2000). "Protein function in the post-genomic era". Nature. 405 (6788): 823–826. doi:10.1038/35015694. PMID   10866208. S2CID   4398864.
7. Dove, Edward S.; Faraj, Samer A.; Kolker, Eugene; Özdemir, Vural (2012-11-29). "Designing a post-genomics knowledge ecosystem to translate pharmacogenomics into public health action". Genome Medicine. 4 (11): 91. doi: 10.1186/gm392 . PMC   3580424 . PMID   23194449.
8. Guttinger, Stephan; Dupré, John (2016). Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). "Genomics and Postgenomics". Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Retrieved 2018-06-16.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
9. Peltonen, Leena; McKusick, Victor A. (2001-02-16). "Dissecting Human Disease in the Postgenomic Era". Science. 291 (5507): 1224–1229. doi:10.1126/science.291.5507.1224. PMID   11233446. S2CID   83313211.
10. Loscalzo, Joseph; Kohane, Isaac; Barabasi, Albert-Laszlo (2007-01-01). "Human disease classification in the postgenomic era: A complex systems approach to human pathobiology". Molecular Systems Biology. 3 (1): 124. doi:10.1038/msb4100163. PMC   1948102 . PMID   17625512.