Poultry disease

Poultry diseases occur in poultry, which are domesticated birds kept for their meat, eggs or feathers. ^[1] Poultry species include the chicken, turkey, duck, goose and ostrich. ^[1]

Viral diseases

8 day old chick with difficulty breathing, due to an Avian influenza infection.

• Avian infectious bronchitis, caused by a strain of Avian coronavirus previously known as infectious bronchitis virus ^[2]
• Avian infectious laryngotracheitis, caused by Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 ^[3]
• Avian influenza, caused by Avian influenza virus ^[4]
• Duck plague, caused by Anatid alphaherpesvirus 1
• Chicken infectious anemia, caused by Chicken anaemia virus ^[5]
• Epidemic tremor, caused by Tremovirus ^[6]
• Fowlpox, caused by viruses in the genus Avipoxvirus
• Infectious bursal disease (IBD), also known Gumboro disease, caused by Infectious bursal disease virus
• Lymphoid leukosis caused by avian sarcoma leukosis virus
• Marek's disease
• Newcastle disease
• Viral arthritis, caused by Avian reovirus ^[7]

Parasitic diseases

Infestation of Echidnophaga gillinacea fleas on the comb and around the eye of a chicken

• Scaly leg, caused by the mite Knemidocoptes mutans ^[8]
• Infestation by Dermanyssus gallinae , the red poultry mite ^[9]
• Infestation by Echidnophaga gallinacea , the sticktight flea ^[10]

Bacterial diseases

• Colibacillosis in poultry
• Infectious coryza in chickens
• Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale
• Pullorum disease
• Riemerella anatipestifer
• Salmonellosis in poultry
• Staphylococcal infection in poultry
• Streptococcal infection in poultry
• Omphalitis in chicks (mushy chick disease)
• Mycoplasmosis
• Fowl cholera
• Campylobacteriosis
• Pseudomonas
• Ornithobacteriosis

Protozoal diseases

• Histomoniasis (blackhead disease), caused by Histomonas meleagridis
• Coccidiosis
• Trichomonas gallinae

Fungal diseases

• Ergotism, which occurs when poultry feed is contaminated with toxic alkaloids produced by fungi of the genus Claviceps ^[11]
• Aspergillosis, a non-contagious disease caused when birds inhale Aspergillus spores that cause breathing to be hard for the bird ^[12]
• Ringworm

References

1. "Poultry species". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
2. de Wit, J.J. Sjaak; Cook, Jane K.A. (August 2020). "Spotlight on avian coronaviruses". Avian Pathology. 49 (4): 313–316. doi: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1761010 . PMID   32374218.
3. García, Maricarmen; Zavala, Guillermo (28 January 2019). "Commercial vaccines and vaccination strategies against infectious laryngotracheitis: what we have learned and knowledge gaps that remain". Avian Diseases. 63 (2): 325–334. doi:10.1637/11967-090218-Review.1. PMID   31251534. S2CID   195413194.
4. Barjesteh, Neda; O'Dowd, Kelsey; Vahedi, Seyed Milad (March 2020). "Antiviral responses against chicken respiratory infections: Focus on avian influenza virus and infectious bronchitis virus". Cytokine. 127 154961. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154961. PMC   7129915 . PMID   31901597.
5. Fatoba, A. J.; Adeleke, M. A. (2019). "Chicken anemia virus: A deadly pathogen of poultry". Acta Virologica. 63 (1): 19–25. doi: 10.4149/av_2019_110 . PMID   30879309.
6. Wernery, Ulrich (2016). "Viral diseases". In Samour, Jaime (ed.). Avian medicine (3rd ed.). Elsevier. p. 435. ISBN   9780723439554.
7. Nicholds, Jenny; Sellers, Holly S. (March 2020). "Viral arthritis in poultry". Merck Veterinary Manual . Retrieved 21 August 2021.
8. Sparagano, Olivier A. E.; Ho, Jeffery (9 July 2020). "Parasitic mite fauna in Asian poultry farming systems". Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 7 400. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00400 . PMC   7363926 . PMID   32733926.
9. George, David R; Finn, Robert D; Graham, Kirsty M; Mul, Monique F; Maurer, Veronika; Moro, Claire Valiente; Sparagano, Olivier AE (December 2015). "Should the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae be of wider concern for veterinary and medical science?". Parasites & Vectors. 8 (1): 178. doi: 10.1186/s13071-015-0768-7 . PMC   4377040 . PMID   25884317.
10. Koehler, Philip G.; Pereira, Roberto M.; Kaufman, Phillip E. (13 November 2018). "ENY-244/MG236: Sticktight Flea, Echidnophaga gallinacea". University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
11. Coufal-Majewski, Stephanie; Stanford, Kim; McAllister, Tim; Blakley, Barry; McKinnon, John; Chaves, Alexandre Vieira; Wang, Yuxi (25 February 2016). "Impacts of cereal ergot in food animal production". Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 3: 15. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00015 . PMC   4766294 . PMID   26942186.
12. Beernaert, L. A.; Pasmans, F.; Van Waeyenberghe, L.; Haesebrouck, F.; Martel, A. (October 2010). "Aspergillus infections in birds: a review". Avian Pathology. 39 (5): 325–331. doi: 10.1080/03079457.2010.506210 . PMID   20954008.