Praepositinus (Gilbert Prevostin of Cremona, Prevostinus Cremonensis) (c. 1135 –1210) was an Italian scholastic philosopher and theologian. He was a liturgical commentator, [1] and supported a res-theory of belief. [2] He discussed intentional contexts. [3]
Praepositinus was probably born in northern Italy. Having studied under Petrus Comestor and taught at Paris, he was scholasticus of Mainz Cathedral in 1196. Returning, he was Chancellor of the University of Paris from c. 1206 to 1209. [4] In 1209 he was replaced as chancellor by John of Chandelle; he retired to an abbey and died shortly after, in 1210.
To him have been attributed, wrongly, a Summa de poenitentia iniungenda (unedited), Quaestiones (unedited) and a Summa contra haereticos (published by J. N. Garvin and J. A. Corbett at Notre Dame (IN), 1958). [5] The following are authentic: a Summa theologica of which books I and IV have been published; Collecta ex distinctionibus, a work known by a manuscript in Munich, which expounds Scripture in alphabetical order of the words considered (114); a Summa super Psalterium (several manuscripts); a Tractatus de officiis which uses Jean Beleth’s Summa de ecclesiasticis officiis written between 1160 and 1164, but does not know Sicard of Cremona’s Mitrale (early 13th c.). This Tractatus inspired the Rationale of Guillaume Durand of Mende (it has been edited by J. A. Corbett, Notre Dame, 1969). More than 60 sermons are allowed to Praepositinus, only one of which has been published (J. Longère, Mélanges Dom Bascour, Louvain, 1980, p. 207-211; preached to clerics at Munich and Paris).
Alain de Lille was a French theologian and poet. He was born in Lille some time before 1128. His exact date of death remains unclear as well, with most research pointing toward it being between 14 April 1202 and 5 April 1203. He is known for writing a number of works based upon the teachings of the liberal arts, with one of his most renowned poems, De planctu Naturae, focusing on sexual conduct among humans. Although Alain was widely known during his lifetime, little is known about his personal life.
William of Ockham or Occam was an English Franciscan friar, scholastic philosopher, apologist, and theologian, who is believed to have been born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey. He is considered to be one of the major figures of medieval thought and was at the centre of the major intellectual and political controversies of the 14th century. He is commonly known for Occam's razor, the methodological principle that bears his name, and also produced significant works on logic, physics and theology. William is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration on the 10th of April.
Thomas Bradwardine was an English cleric, scholar, mathematician, physicist, courtier and, very briefly, Archbishop of Canterbury. As a celebrated scholastic philosopher and doctor of theology, he is often called Doctor Profundus.
Gerard of Cremona was an Italian translator of scientific books from Arabic into Latin. He worked in Toledo, Kingdom of Castile and obtained the Arabic books in the libraries at Toledo. Some of the books had been originally written in Greek and, although well known in Byzantine Constantinople and Greece at the time, were unavailable in Greek or Latin in Western Europe. Gerard of Cremona is the most important translator among the Toledo School of Translators who invigorated Western medieval Europe in the twelfth century by transmitting the Arabs' and ancient Greeks' knowledge in astronomy, medicine and other sciences, by making the knowledge available in Latin. One of Gerard's most famous translations is of Ptolemy's Almagest from Arabic texts found in Toledo.
Pérotin was a composer associated with the Notre Dame school of polyphony in Paris and the broader ars antiqua musical style of high medieval music. He is credited with developing the polyphonic practices of his predecessor Léonin, with the introduction of three and four-part harmonies.
Peter Lombard was an Italian scholastic theologian, Bishop of Paris, and author of Four Books of Sentences which became the standard textbook of theology, for which he earned the accolade Magister Sententiarum.
The Summa contra Gentiles is one of the best-known treatises by Thomas Aquinas, written as four books between 1259 and 1265.
William of Auxerre (1140/50–1231) was a French scholastic theologian and official in the Roman Catholic Church.
Summa and its diminutive summula was a medieval didactics literary genre written in Latin, born during the 12th century, and popularized in 13th century Europe. In its simplest sense, they might be considered texts that 'sum up' knowledge in a field, such as the compendiums of theology, philosophy and canon law. Their function during the Middle Ages was largely as manuals or handbooks of necessary knowledge used by individuals who would not advance their studies any further.
Peter of Corbeil, born at Corbeil, was a preacher and canon of Notre Dame de Paris, a scholastic philosopher and master of theology at the University of Paris, ca 1189. He is remembered largely because his aristocratic student Lotario de' Conti became pope as Innocent III. In 1198 Innocent appointed him to the sinecures of prebendary and archdeacon of York. The following year Innocent raised his former master to the see of Cambrai, an immensely important diocese with a jurisdiction that covered Flanders. Peter became Archbishop of Sens in 1200. His interest in the intellectual life of Paris was undiminished: in 1210 he convoked a council at Paris that forbade the teaching, whether in public or privately, of the recently rediscovered Natural Philosophy of Aristotle and the recently translated commentaries on Aristotle of Averroës, texts which were beginning to revolutionize the medieval approach to logical thinking, At the same time the council consigned to the public flames a work of David of Dinant that had been circulated since the end of the century, De Tomis, id est de Divisionibus, which proposed that God is the matter which constitutes the inmost core of things, a form of pantheism that was condemned by Albert the Great and Thomas Aquinas.
Henry of Langenstein, also known as Henry of Hesse the Elder, was a German scholastic philosopher, theologian and mathematician.
Philip the Chancellor, (French: Philippe le Chancelier) also known as "Philippus Cancellarius Parisiensis" (Philip, Chancellor of Paris) (c 1160–December 26, 1236) was a French theologian, Latin lyric poet, and possibly a composer as well. He was Chancellor of Notre-Dame de Paris starting in 1217 until his death, and was also Archdeacon of Noyon. Philip is portrayed as an enemy to the Mendicant orders becoming prevalent at the time, but this has been greatly exaggerated. He may have even joined the Franciscan order soon before his death.
William of Auvergne, also known as William of Paris, was a French theologian and philosopher who served as Bishop of Paris from 1228 until his death. He was one of the first western European philosophers to engage with and comment extensively upon Aristotelian and Islamic philosophy.
John of La Rochelle, was a French Franciscan, scholastic philosopher, and theologian.
Sicardus of Cremona (1155–1215) was an Italian prelate, historian and writer.
The Diocese of Cremona is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in northern Italy. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Milan. The bishop of Cremona's cathedra is in the Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary.
Peter Wadding was an Irish Jesuit theologian.
This is a list of articles in medieval philosophy.
The Chancellor of the University of Paris was originally the chancellor of the chapter of Notre Dame de Paris. The medieval University of Paris ceased to exist in 1793, but a related position, Chancellor of the Universities of Paris, is currently held by Maurice Quénet.
Gerardo da Sesso was an Italian monk, bishop and cardinal of the Catholic Church.
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