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Elephants are the largest living land animals. Three living species are currently recognised: the African bush elephant, the African forest elephant, and the Asian elephant. They are the only surviving members of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea; extinct relatives include mammoths and mastodons. Distinctive features of elephants include a long proboscis called a trunk, tusks, large ear flaps, pillar-like legs, and tough but sensitive grey skin. The trunk is prehensile, bringing food and water to the mouth and grasping objects. Tusks, which are derived from the incisor teeth, serve both as weapons and as tools for moving objects and digging. The large ear flaps assist in maintaining a constant body temperature as well as in communication. African elephants have larger ears and concave backs, whereas Asian elephants have smaller ears and convex or level backs.
The history of elephants in Europe dates back to the time of the Roman Empire, but previously, during the Ice Age, relatives of elephants were spread across the globe, including Europe. Mammoths roamed the northern parts of the Earth, from Europe to North America. The straight-tusked elephant of mainland Europe principally inhabited the Mediterranean, but reached the rest of Europe during warm interglacial periods. While it went extinct during the last Ice Age, insular dwarf forms such as the Cyprus dwarf elephant, the pygmy elephant, the Naxos dwarf elephant and the Rhodes dwarf elephant survived longer, and the last Mediterranean elephant species survived on Tilos until about 4000 years ago. Subsequently the presence of actual elephants in Europe was only due to importation of these animals.
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A white elephant is a rare kind of elephant, but not a distinct species. Although often depicted as snow white, their skin is typically a soft reddish-brown, turning a light pink when wet. They have fair eyelashes and toenails. The traditional "white elephant" is commonly misunderstood as being albino, but the Thai term chang samkhan, actually translates as 'auspicious elephant', being "white" in terms of an aspect of purity.
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The elephant has been a contributor to Thai society and its icon for many centuries. The elephant has had a considerable impact on Thai culture. The Thai elephant is the official national animal of Thailand. The elephant found in Thailand is the Indian elephant, a subspecies of the Asian elephant. In the early-1900s there were an estimated 100,000 captive elephants in Thailand. In mid-2007 there were an estimated 3,456 captive elephants left in Thailand and roughly a thousand wild elephants. By 2017 the number of captive elephants had risen to an estimated 3,783. The elephant became an endangered species in Thailand in 1986.
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Dan Albert John Koehl is a French-Swedish zookeeper, elephant trainer, and stablemaster. An author of the Elephant Encyclopedia, he has been described as "one of Europe's most renowned experts on elephants".
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References
- ↑ "The Aane Mane Foundation | Asian Elephant Conservation | News". aanemane.org. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- 1 2 "May we have the trumpets please?". Deccan Herald. 29 October 2010.
- ↑ "Elephant Conference @ SOAS 2016 – SOAS University of London". www.soas.ac.uk.
- ↑ "elephant tracking". www.elephanttracking.org. Retrieved 12 June 2018.
- ↑ Adlakha, Nidhi (4 November 2017). "elephants crossing" – via www.thehindu.com.
- 1 2 "The Aane Mane Foundation – Asian Elephant Conservation – News". aanemane.org.
- ↑ "Sandeep Chowta". IMDb.
- ↑ "Remise de l'Ordre National du Mérite à Prajna Chowta et Jean Riotte". La France en Inde / France in India.
- ↑ Staff Reporter (4 October 2016). "France confers knighthood on elephant researcher". The Hindu– via www.thehindu.com.
- ↑ Gautier, Philippe; Chowta, Prajna (July 2000). Livre : Hathi, l'éléphant. Les 400 Coups. ISBN 9782921620550.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help) - ↑ Gautier, Philippe; Chowta, Prajna (2 January 2018). Hathi, l'éléphant : l'aventure d'un tournage en Inde. Les 400 coups. ASIN 2921620553.
- ↑ https://www.fws.gov/international/pdf/summary-report-asian-elephant-1999-2000.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]
- ↑ "The Aane Mane Foundation – Asian Elephant Conservation – Asian Elephant". aanemane.org.
- ↑ "Books – ancf". asiannature.org.
- ↑ "Beaux livres Elytis". elytis-edition.com.
- ↑ Chowta, Prajna; Ledoux, Stéphanie (2 October 2014). Enfant d'éléphants. ELYTIS. ASIN 2356391444.
- 1 2 "Prajna Chowta". IMDb.
- ↑ Hathi de Philippe Gautier - (1998) - Film - Comédie dramatique (in French), retrieved 12 June 2018
- ↑ "The Old Elephant Route – smh.com.au". www.smh.com.au. 6 September 2003.
- ↑ "Elephas Maximus – 24images". www.24images.fr.
- ↑ "DiginextWeb". www.diginextfilms.com.
