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The two-round system (TRS),also known as runoff voting,second ballot,or ballotage,is a voting method used to elect a single candidate. The first round is held using simple plurality to choose the top-two candidates,and then in the second round the winner is chosen by majority vote. The two-round system is widely used in the election of legislative bodies and directly elected presidents.
The single transferable vote (STV),sometimes known as proportional ranked choice voting (P-RCV),is a multi-winner electoral system in which each voter casts a single vote in the form of a ranked-choice ballot. Voters have the option to rank candidates,and their vote may be transferred according to alternate preferences if their preferred candidate is eliminated or elected with surplus votes,so that their vote is used to elect someone they prefer over others in the running. STV aims to approach proportional representation based on votes cast in the district where it is used,so that each vote is worth about the same as another.
The 1996 United States presidential election was the 53rd quadrennial presidential election,held on Tuesday,November 5,1996. Incumbent Democratic President Bill Clinton defeated former Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole,the Republican nominee,and Ross Perot,the Reform Party nominee and 1992 Independent presidential candidate.
The 1992 United States presidential election was the 52nd quadrennial presidential election,held on Tuesday,November 3,1992. Democratic Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas defeated incumbent Republican President George H. W. Bush and independent businessman Ross Perot of Texas. The election marked the end of a period of Republican dominance in American presidential politics that began in 1968,and also marked the end of 12 years of Republican rule of the White House,as well as the end of the Greatest Generation's 32-year American rule and the beginning of the baby boomers' 28-year dominance until 2020. It was the last time the incumbent president failed to win a second term until Donald Trump in 2020.
The 1972 United States presidential election was the 47th quadrennial presidential election held on Tuesday,November 7,1972. Incumbent Republican president Richard Nixon defeated Democratic U.S. senator George McGovern in a landslide victory. With 60.7% of the popular vote,Richard Nixon won the largest share of the popular vote for the Republican Party in any presidential election.
Voting is a method by which a group,such as a meeting or an electorate,convenes together for the purpose of making a collective decision or expressing an opinion usually following discussions,debates or election campaigns. Democracies elect holders of high office by voting. Residents of a jurisdiction represented by an elected official are called "constituents",and the constituents who choose to cast a ballot for their chosen candidate are called "voters." There are different systems for collecting votes,but while many of the systems used in decision-making can also be used as electoral systems,any which cater to proportional representation can only be used in elections.
Primary elections,or direct primary,are voting processes by which voters can indicate their preference for their party's candidate,or a candidate in general,in an upcoming general election,local election,or by-election. Depending on the country and administrative divisions within the country,voters might consist of the general public in what is called an open primary,or solely the members of a political party in what is called a closed primary. In addition to these,there are other variants on primaries that are used by many countries holding elections throughout the world.
A thesis,or dissertation,is a document submitted in support of candidature for an academic degree or professional qualification presenting the author's research and findings. In some contexts,the word thesis or a cognate is used for part of a bachelor's or master's course,while dissertation is normally applied to a doctorate. This is the typical arrangement in American English. In other contexts,such as within most institutions of the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland,the reverse is true. The term graduate thesis is sometimes used to refer to both master's theses and doctoral dissertations.
The 2008 United States presidential election was the 56th quadrennial presidential election,held on November 4,2008. The Democratic ticket of Barack Obama,the junior senator from Illinois,and Joe Biden,the senior senator from Delaware,defeated the Republican ticket of John McCain,the senior senator from Arizona,and Sarah Palin,the governor of Alaska. Obama became the first African American to be elected to the presidency,as well as being only the third sitting United States senator elected president,joining Warren G. Harding and John F. Kennedy. Meanwhile,this was only the second successful all-senator ticket since the 1960 election and is the only election where both major party nominees were sitting senators. This was the first election since 1952 in which neither the incumbent president nor vice president was on the ballot,as well as the first election since 1928 in which neither ran for the nomination.
"None of the above" (NOTA),or none for short,also known as "against all" or a "scratch" vote,is a ballot option in some jurisdictions or organizations,designed to allow the voter to indicate disapproval of the candidates in a voting system. It is based on the principle that consent requires the ability to withhold consent in an election,just as they can by voting "No" on ballot questions. It must be contrasted with "abstention",in which a voter does not cast a ballot.
The Candidates Tournament is a chess tournament organized by FIDE,chess's international governing body,since 1950,as the final contest to determine the challenger for the World Chess Championship. The winner of the Candidates earns the right to a match for the World Championship against the incumbent world champion.
An independent,non-partisan politician or non-affiliated politician is a politician not affiliated with any political party or bureaucratic association. There are numerous reasons why someone may stand for office as an independent.
The 2016 United States presidential election was the 58th quadrennial presidential election,held on Tuesday,November 8,2016. The Republican ticket,businessman Donald Trump and Indiana governor Mike Pence defeated the Democratic ticket of former secretary of state and First Lady of the United States Hillary Clinton and the junior senator from Virginia,Tim Kaine,in what was considered one of the biggest political upsets in American history. It was also the sixth presidential election in which both major party candidates were registered in the same home state;the others have been in 1860,1904,1920,1940,and 1944.
The election of the president and the vice president of the United States is an indirect election in which citizens of the United States who are registered to vote in one of the fifty U.S. states or in Washington,D.C.,cast ballots not directly for those offices,but instead for members of the Electoral College. These electors then cast direct votes,known as electoral votes,for president,and for vice president. The candidate who receives an absolute majority of electoral votes is then elected to that office. If no candidate receives an absolute majority of the votes for president,the House of Representatives elects the president;likewise if no one receives an absolute majority of the votes for vice president,then the Senate elects the vice president.
The Election Commission of India (ECI) is a constitutional body established by the Constitution of India empowered to conduct free and fair elections in India. The Election commission is headed by a Chief Election Commissioner and consists of two other Election Commissioners.
General elections are being held in India from 19 April to 1 June 2024 in seven phases,to elect 543 members of the Lok Sabha. The votes will be counted and the results will be declared on 4 June 2024.
The 2024 United States Senate elections are scheduled to be held on November 5,2024,as part of the 2024 United States elections. Thirty-three of the 100 seats in the U.S. Senate will be contested in regular elections. Senators are divided into three classes whose six-year terms are staggered so that a different class is elected every two years. Class 1 senators will face election in 2024.
The 2024 European Parliament election is scheduled to be held on 6 to 9 June 2024. This will be the tenth parliamentary election since the first direct elections in 1979,and the first European Parliament election after Brexit. This election will also coincide with a number of other elections in the European Union.
The 2024 United States House of Representatives elections will be held on November 5,2024,as part of the 2024 United States elections,to elect representatives from all 435 congressional districts across each of the 50 U.S. states,as well as six non-voting delegates from the District of Columbia and the inhabited U.S. territories. Special elections may also be held on various dates throughout 2024. Numerous other federal,state,and local elections,including the U.S. presidential election and elections to the Senate,will also be held on this date. The winners of this election will serve in the 119th United States Congress,with seats apportioned among the states based on the 2020 United States census.