Precious Blood Church fire

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Precious Blood Church fire
Precious Blood Church fire, Holyoke, Mass.jpg
Parishioners attempt to escape during the Precious Blood Church fire, Holyoke, Mass.jpg
Top to bottom: Artist's drawing of members of the Holyoke Fire Department attempting to extinguish the fire, while fireman John T. Lynch pulls people from the front door; the panic inside the sanctuary as parishioners attempt to escape
Date(s)May 27, 1875
Location Holyoke, Massachusetts, US
Coordinates 42°11′56.0688″N72°36′21.1032″W / 42.198908000°N 72.605862000°W / 42.198908000; -72.605862000
Impacts
Deaths78 killed
34 injured [1]
Ignition
CauseA breeze from an open window blew lacing draped over a statue of the Blessed Virgin Mary into a lit candle [1]

Precious Blood Church of Holyoke, Massachusetts, burned on May 27, 1875, killing 78 people. There was a crush of people through the entrance at the back left and many people could not leave. It is one of the deadliest fires in American history, and was also known by newspapers domestic and foreign as "The Holyoke Disaster". [2]

Contents

Event

The fire started at the front of the church as a candle flame ignited a curtain.

Panic caused people to rush from the upper levels to a front door. The door was made to open inward only, so many were trapped against the door. Reverend Andre Dufresne was the parish priest. He tried to calm the people and direct them as much as possible.

The event and its aftermath were also later depicted in some detail in the Franco-American novel Mirbah by Emma Port-Joli Dumas, originally published in Holyoke's La Justice . [3]

Location

The church complex is located on the city block formed by Cabot, South East, Clemente, [a] and Hamilton Streets. The wooden church had been built in 1870 and was replaced in 1876 by a brick church. The Park Street School was located on the other side of Hamilton Street between Park and South East Streets. The school was used as a temporary morgue for the fire victims. Only the convent and rectory remain today since the brick church and school were dismantled.

The cemetery is on Willimansett Street Extension near the intersection of Routes 33 and 202 in South Hadley. There is a monument for the dead at the church cemetery. The parish priest was also reburied there. The black memorial is in the center of the cemetery and the priest is buried behind that.

Fatalities [4]

A list of the dead is given below by first and last name and then age. Many were buried in a common grave on May 29 at the Precious Blood Cemetery in South Hadley. All were French Canadians.

The names have been taken directly from the monument. The list on the monument was compiled from the Holyoke Deaths Register and from various newspaper articles. Some French names may have been recorded incorrectly due to the use of English rather than French spelling conventions. [5]

Precious Blood Church Fire Memorial, South Hadley, Massachusetts obverse.jpg
Precious Blood Church Fire Memorial, South Hadley, Massachusetts reverse.jpg
The Precious Blood Church Fire Memorial, erected in South Hadley in 2002, 127 years after the tragedy across from Father Dufresne's burial (who died of other causes in 1887), it remains the only memorial to the tragedy today
First NameLast nameAge
AntoineAuger75
HeleneBlais20
MarcelineBlanchard22
MarcellineBlanchard22
MarieBoisvert15
SophieBoudreau37
Boulanger
AugustineBrisson17
JosephChatelle20
DeliaCoache16
DelimaCote22
MathildeDaigneau13
PierreDaigneau10
ZoeDaigneau36
RosalieDaviau21
VictoriaDeri11
AlphonsineDesjardin22
DeliaDesjardin23
DometildeDesjardin44
LouisDesjardin59
RosalieDesjardin21
ChristineDion37
CelinaDoucette20
MercelineDufresne17
SelinaDufresne52
MarcelineDupont44
PhilomeneDupont15
OliveEmond55
CoraForgue11
ZoeForgue48
BenjaminFortier20
EuphonzineFortier11
AngeliqueFremont17
JulieGirard16
MaryGirard41
Marie LouiseGoyette50
MaryGrandchamp23
PhilomeneGrandchamp21
AlmidaHamel20
LucyHicks21
MaryHicks25
Marie LouiseJetter33
CyrilleLachance19
MarcellineLachance19
AdeleLachapelle16
RoseLachapelle13
ExildaLacoste16
AzildaLaFrance27
RosalieLagasse54
ExildeLangdeau10
MarieLangdeau20
Jean BaptisteLangevin40
SelineLaplante18
CelisteLarive50
Lepreux
Lepreux
JosephMercier46
IdaMeunier19
AlphonsineMoreau15
FabienMoreau54
IsaiahMoreau26
ArmiacMorin12
IsaiahMorin22
HermillePaquin20
JosephinePaquin14
MaryPare20
LouisePayette17
MatildePayette16
GaspardPellerin23
MaryPion27
OnezinePion55
CelineRoberte9
EdmundRoberte11
DelimaRoger30
FabienSt. Pierre25
LouiseTetreault22
JacobTheriault64
JosephineViger40

Injuries [6]

First NameLast nameAgeInjury Noted
AdamsHurt in the crowd
TheophileBlanchardRecovery doubtful
LouiseBrienRecovery doubtful
LouisBolvinHand and head burned, will recover
J. B.Benoit24Will recover
FrankBoudreauSlightly burned
JosephBoudreauArm broken
CharlesBraultHead and arms badly burned
SophieChicoine63Will recover
PrudentChoquetteRecovery very doubtful
LouisClement
AmyDeri14Hands burned
HonoraDeri17Head and arms badly burned
NapoleonDeri14Badly burned
FemiDionNot severe
CyrilleDufresne53Doubtful [recovery]
JosephineDufresne14Will recover
CharlesFavreauxFace and hands burned
AlexFortier23Will recover
CelinaHebert40Slightly burned
EvelineHoude9Will recover
PaulJetterFace and hands badly burned
Le ClercWill recover
AnnieLapointe15Badly burned
JohnLongchampHands burned
PhebeLongchampBadly burned
LizzieMessierWill probably recover
LucieRegnier18Very doubtful [recovery]
AgiseRobert14Slightly burned
JosephRiel29Will recover
MaryRiel26Will recover
MaryVachon20Leg broken
CharlesVientHand badly burned

See also

Notes

  1. Clemente appears on maps of the time as Park Street.

References

  1. 1 2 Corbeil, Art (2000). "Fire at Precious Blood". HolyokeMass.com. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017.
  2. http://www.holyokemass.com/pb_fire/corbiel.html
    • "The Holyoke Disaster". Shepton Mallet Journal. Somerset. June 25, 1875. p. 3.
    • "The Holyoke Disaster". San Francisco Bulletin. Vol. XL, no. 44. San Francisco. May 28, 1875. p. 2.
    • "The Holyoke Catastrophe". Panama Star and Herald. James Boyd. June 9, 1875. p. 2.
  3. Fecteau, Edward (1945). "Chapter XIII. Franco-American Writers". French Contributions to America. Methuen, Mass.: Soucy Press; Franco-American Historical Society. p. 312.
  4. "Precious Blood Church Fire".
  5. "Holyoke City Clerk Death Records, May 27-June 18, 1875".
  6. "L'Incendie de L'Eglise Cathologique! Candienne De Holyoke, Le 27 Mai, 1875". Holyoke Transcript-Telegram (in French). June 2, 1875. p. 1.