| Preplasmiviricota | |
|---|---|
Virus classification  | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Varidnaviria |
| Kingdom: | Bamfordvirae |
| Phylum: | Preplasmiviricota |
| Classes | |
See text | |
| Preplasmiviricota | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Varidnaviria |
| Kingdom: | Bamfordvirae |
| Phylum: | Preplasmiviricota |
| Classes | |
See text | |
The phylum contains the following classes: [1]
Virus classification is the process of naming viruses and placing them into a taxonomic system similar to the classification systems used for cellular organisms.
Positive-strand RNA viruses are a group of related viruses that have positive-sense, single-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid. The positive-sense genome can act as messenger RNA (mRNA) and can be directly translated into viral proteins by the host cell's ribosomes. Positive-strand RNA viruses encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) which is used during replication of the genome to synthesize a negative-sense antigenome that is then used as a template to create a new positive-sense viral genome.
Asgard or Asgardarchaeota is a proposed superphylum consisting of a group of archaea that contain eukaryotic signature proteins. It appears that the eukaryotes, the domain that contains the animals, plants, and fungi, emerged within the Asgard, in a branch containing the Heimdallarchaeota. This supports the two-domain system of classification over the three-domain system.
Riboviria is a realm of viruses that includes all viruses that use a homologous RNA-dependent polymerase for replication. It includes RNA viruses that encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, as well as reverse-transcribing viruses that encode an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), also called RNA replicase, produces RNA from RNA. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (RdDp), also called reverse transcriptase (RT), produces DNA from RNA. These enzymes are essential for replicating the viral genome and transcribing viral genes into messenger RNA (mRNA) for translation of viral proteins.
Redondoviruses are a family of human-associated DNA viruses. Their name derives from the inferred circular structure of the viral genome . Redondoviruses have been identified in DNA sequence based surveys of samples from humans, primarily samples from the oral cavity and upper airway.
Ackermannviridae is a family of viruses in the order Caudovirales. Gammaproteobacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota serve as natural hosts. There are 2 subfamilies, 10 genera, and 63 species in the family.
Smacoviridae is a family of single-stranded DNA viruses. The genomes of this family are small. The name Smacoviridae stands for 'small circular genome virus'. The genomes are circular single-stranded DNA and encode rolling-circle replication initiation proteins (Rep) and unique capsid proteins. As of 2021, 12 genera and 84 species are recognized in this family. The viruses in this taxon were isolated from faecal samples from insects and vertebrates by metagenomic methods. Little is known about their biology.
Monodnaviria is a realm of viruses that includes all single-stranded DNA viruses that encode an endonuclease of the HUH superfamily that initiates rolling circle replication of the circular viral genome. Viruses descended from such viruses are also included in the realm, including certain linear single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses and circular double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses. These atypical members typically replicate through means other than rolling circle replication.
Cossaviricota is a phylum of viruses.
Cressdnaviricota is a phylum of viruses with small, circular single-stranded DNA genomes and encoding rolling circle replication-initiation proteins with the N-terminal HUH endonuclease and C-terminal superfamily 3 helicase domains. While the replication-associated proteins are homologous among viruses within the phylum, the capsid proteins are very diverse and have presumably been acquired from RNA viruses on multiple independent occasions. Nevertheless, all cressdnaviruses for which structural information is available appear to contain the jelly-roll fold.
Megaviricetes is a class of viruses. The class contains giant viruses, all of which are nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses that are assigned to the phylum Nucleocytoviricota. Members of the Megaviricetes typically have genomes that are much larger than viruses assigned to other taxa, and also encode genes involved in DNA repair, DNA replication, transcription, translation, and other processes that viruses in other taxa usually lack. As well, the virus particles (virions) of some members of Megaviricetes are much larger in size than for other viruses, and can be larger than some bacteria.
Revtraviricetes is a class of viruses that contains all viruses that encode a reverse transcriptase. The group includes all ssRNA-RT viruses and dsDNA-RT viruses. It is the sole class in the phylum Artverviricota, which is the sole phylum in the kingdom Pararnavirae. The name of the group is a portmanteau of "reverse transcriptase" and -viricetes which is the suffix for a virus class.
Orthornavirae is a kingdom of viruses that have genomes made of ribonucleic acid (RNA), including genes which encode an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The RdRp is used to transcribe the viral RNA genome into messenger RNA (mRNA) and to replicate the genome. Viruses in this kingdom share a number of characteristics which promote rapid evolution, including high rates of genetic mutation, recombination, and reassortment.
Duplornaviricota is a phylum of RNA viruses, which contains all double-stranded RNA viruses, except for those in phylum Pisuviricota. Characteristic of the group is a viral capsid composed of 60 homo- or heterodimers of capsid protein on a pseudo-T=2 lattice. Duplornaviruses infect both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The name of the group derives from Italian duplo which means double, rna for the type of virus, and -viricota which is the suffix for a virus phylum.
Kitrinoviricota is a phylum of RNA viruses that includes all positive-strand RNA viruses that infect eukaryotes and are not members of the phylum Pisuviricota or Lenarviricota. The name of the group derives from Greek κίτρινος (kítrinos), which means yellow, and -viricota, which is the suffix for a virus phylum.
Lenarviricota is a phylum of RNA viruses that includes all positive-strand RNA viruses that infect prokaryotes. Some members also infect eukaryotes. Most of these viruses do not have capsids, except for the genus Ourmiavirus. The name of the group is a syllabic abbreviation of the names of founding member families "Leviviridae and Narnaviridae" with the suffix -viricota, denoting a virus phylum.
Pisuviricota is a phylum of RNA viruses that includes all positive-strand and double-stranded RNA viruses that infect eukaryotes and are not members of the phylum Kitrinoviricota,Lenarviricota or Duplornaviricota. The name of the group is a syllabic abbreviation of “picornavirus supergroup” with the suffix -viricota, indicating a virus phylum. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that Birnaviridae and Permutotetraviridae, both currently unassigned to a phylum in Orthornavirae, also belong to this phylum and that both are sister groups. Another proposed family of the phylum is unassigned Polymycoviridae in Riboviria.
Herelleviridae is a family of bacterial viruses of the order Caudovirales infecting members of the phylum Firmicutes. The family has five subfamilies, 33 genera and 92 species.
Adnaviria is a realm of viruses that includes archaeal viruses that have a filamentous virion and a linear, double-stranded DNA genome. The genome exists in A-form (A-DNA) and encodes a dimeric major capsid protein (MCP) that contains the SIRV2 fold, a type of alpha-helix bundle containing four helices. The virion consists of the genome encased in capsid proteins to form a helical nucleoprotein complex. For some viruses, this helix is surrounded by a lipid membrane called an envelope. Some contain an additional protein layer between the nucleoprotein helix and the envelope. Complete virions are long and thin and may be flexible or a stiff like a rod.
Cruliviridae is a family of virus in the order of Bunyavirales. Unlike other families in the order, this family is unique in the sense that it is only used to contain crustacean-infecting bunyaviruses.
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