The Zimbabwe African National Union –Patriotic Front (ZANU–PF) is a political organisation which has been the ruling party of Zimbabwe since independence in 1980. The party was led for many years by Robert Mugabe,first as prime minister with the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and then as president from 1987 after the merger with the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and retaining the name ZANU–PF,until 2017,when he was removed as leader.
Professor Arthur G.O. Mutambara is a multifaceted leader,academic,and technology expert currently serving as the Director and Full Professor of the Institute for the Future of Knowledge (IFK) at the University of Johannesburg (UJ) in South Africa. Renowned for his expertise in robotics,academia,Pan-Africanism,and technology strategy,he is a pivotal figure in shaping the future of knowledge and technological advancement. At IFK,Professor Mutambara leads the Decentralized Artificial Intelligence and Control Systems (DAICS) Research Group,driving groundbreaking research initiatives. He also spearheads the African Agency in Public Health (AAPH) initiative within the Future of Health (FoH) Research Group,demonstrating his commitment to leveraging technology for societal well-being. In addition to his academic responsibilities,Professor Mutambara is deeply involved in teaching Control Systems at both UJ's Mechanical Engineering and Electrical and Electronic Engineering Departments,imparting knowledge and fostering innovation among students.
There were widespread reports of systematic and escalating violations of human rights in Zimbabwe under the regime of Robert Mugabe and his party,ZANU-PF,between 1980 and 2017.
Tendai Laxton Biti is a Zimbabwean politician who served as Finance Minister of Zimbabwe from 2009 to 2013. He is the second Vice President of Citizens Coalition for Change. He was the Secretary-General of the Movement for Democratic Change and the subsequent Movement for Democratic Change –Tsvangirai (MDC-T) political parties and a Member of Parliament for Harare East until he was expelled from the party and recalled from parliament in mid-2014,before winning the seat again in 2018.
Nelson Chamisa is a Zimbabwean politician and the former President of the Citizens Coalition For Change. He served as Member of the House of Assembly of Zimbabwe for Kuwadzana East,Harare. Chamisa was the MDC Alliance's candidate for president in the 2018 general election,having previously been the leader of the party's youth assembly. He was the Presidential candidate for the Citizens Coalition for Change in the 2023 Zimbabwean Presidential election. He has served as the former chairperson of national youth for the same party as well as the Secretary for Information and Publicity for the opposition party Movement for Democratic Change (MDC). In 2003,at the age of 25,Chamisa became the youngest Member of Parliament. Chamisa was also the youngest cabinet minister in Government of National Unity of Zimbabwe in 2009.
Zimbabwe began experiencing a period of considerable political and economic upheaval in 1999. Opposition to President Mugabe and the ZANU-PF government grew considerably after the mid-1990s in part due to worsening economic and human rights conditions. The Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) was established in September 1999 as an opposition party founded by trade unionist Morgan Tsvangirai.
Campaigning for the first round of the presidential election held in Zimbabwe on 29 March 2008 took place from February to March. There were three major candidates:President Robert Mugabe of the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF),Morgan Tsvangirai of the opposition Movement for Democratic Change,and the independent candidate Simba Makoni.
This article gives details about the vote counting system for the 2008 Zimbabwe presidential election
Zambian President Levy Mwanawasa called an emergency meeting of SADC leaders for 12 April during the 2008 Zimbabwe presidential election to discuss the post-election impasse. According to Mwanawasa,Zimbabwe's "deepening problems" meant that the issue needed to be "dealt with at presidential level". Jacob Zuma,meanwhile,said that he thought results should have already been announced,and he described the failure to release them as "unprecedented".
The second round of voting in the Zimbabwean presidential election of 2008 was held between Robert Mugabe and Morgan Tsvangirai after the first round failed to produce a 50% majority for either candidate. The election process was marred by violence against and intimidation of voters and party workers,which eventually led to the withdrawal of Tsvangirai from the poll. This left Mugabe as the winner of,effectively,a one-candidate election.
The 2008–2009 Zimbabwean political negotiations between the opposition Movement for Democratic Change,its small splinter group,the Movement for Democratic Change –Mutambara,and the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union –Patriotic Front were intended to negotiate an end to the partisan violence and human rights violations in Zimbabwe and create a framework for a power-sharing executive government between the two parties. These negotiations followed the 2008 presidential election,in which Mugabe was controversially re-elected,as well as the 2008 parliamentary election,in which the MDC won a majority in the House of Assembly.
The Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) was a Zimbabwean political party organised under the leadership of Morgan Tsvangirai. The MDC was formed in 1999 as an opposition party to President Robert Mugabe's Zimbabwe African National Union –Patriotic Front (Zanu-PF). The MDC was made up of many civic groups who campaigned for the "No" vote in the 2000 constitutional referendum,which would limit a president's service to two terms,before the introduction of a prime minister,as well as giving legal immunities to the state.
The Movement for Democratic Change –Tsvangirai (MDC–T) is a centre-left political party and was the main opposition party in the House of Assembly of Zimbabwe ahead of the 2018 elections. After the split of the original Movement for Democratic Change in 2005,the MDC–T remained the major opposition faction,while a smaller faction,the Movement for Democratic Change –Ncube,or MDC–N,was led by Welshman Ncube.
The Movement for Democratic Change –Ncube (MDC–N) was a Zimbabwean political party led by politician and attorney Welshman Ncube. It was founded in 2005 when the Movement for Democratic Change split apart and in the 2008 general election,it was known as the Movement for Democratic Change –Mutambara (MDC–M) in contrast to the larger Movement for Democratic Change –Tsvangirai (MDC–T). The MDC–N and the MDC–T operated as separate opposition parties until their re-unification in 2018. The re-united party now operates under the original name,the MDC.
Morgan Richard Tsvangirai was a Zimbabwean politician who was Prime Minister of Zimbabwe from 2009 to 2013. He was president of the Movement for Democratic Change,and later the Movement for Democratic Change –Tsvangirai (MDC–T),and a key figure in the opposition to former president Robert Mugabe.
The following lists events that happened during 2008 in the Republic of Zimbabwe.
General elections were held in Zimbabwe on 29 March 2008 to elect the President and Parliament. Because of Zimbabwe's dire economic situation,the elections were expected to provide incumbent President Robert Mugabe with his toughest electoral challenge to date. Mugabe's opponents were critical of the handling of the electoral process,and the government was accused of planning to rig the election. Human Rights Watch said that the election was likely to be "deeply flawed."
General elections were held in Zimbabwe on 30 July 2018 to elect the President and members of both houses of Parliament. Held eight months after the 2017 coup d'état,the election was the first since independence in which former President Robert Mugabe was not a candidate.
Christopher Hatikure Mutsvangwa is a Zimbabwean politician,diplomat and businessman. A veteran of the Rhodesian Bush War,Mutsvangwa served the government of independent Zimbabwe and the ZANU-PF party in a number of roles,including as Director-General of the Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation,Ambassador to China,head of the Zimbabwe National Liberation War Veterans Association,and Veterans' Welfare Minister.
The Movement for Democratic Change Alliance is an electoral coalition of seven political parties formed to contest Zimbabwe's 2018 general election. After the 2018 election,a dispute arose over the use of the name MDC Alliance leading the MDC Alliance leader Nelson Chamisa to found the Citizens Coalition for Change.
