Joséde la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori,known as simply Porfirio Díaz,was a Mexican general,politician,and later dictator who served seven terms as President of Mexico,a total of 35 years,from 28 November 1876 to 6 December 1876,17 February 1877 to 1 December 1880,and 1 December 1884 to 25 May 1911. The entire period from 1876 to 1911 is often referred to as the Porfiriato,and has been characterized as a de facto dictatorship.
The Papaloapan River is one of the main rivers of the Mexican state of Veracruz. Its name comes from the Nahuatl papaloapan meaning "river of the butterflies".
Manuel del Refugio González Flores was a Mexican military general and liberal politician who served as the 35th President of Mexico from 1880 to 1884.
Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada y Corral was a Mexican liberal politician and jurist who served as the 27th president of Mexico from 1872 to 1876.
A caudillo is a type of personalist leader wielding military and political power. There is no precise English translation for the term,though it is often used interchangeably with "warlord" and "strongman". The term is historically associated with Spain and Hispanic America,after virtually all of the regions in the latter won independence in the early nineteenth century.
The Porfiriato is a term given to the period when General Porfirio Díaz ruled Mexico as president in the late 19th and early 20th centuries,coined by Mexican historian Daniel Cosío Villegas. Seizing power in a coup in 1876,Díaz pursued a policy of "order and progress," inviting foreign investment in Mexico and maintaining social and political order,by force if necessary. There were significant economic,technological,social,and cultural changes during this period.
Don Melchor Portocarrero y Lasso de la Vega,3rd Count of Monclova was viceroy of New Spain from November 30,1686 to November 19,1688 and viceroy of Peru from August 1689 to 1705.
JoséMaría Iglesias Inzáurraga was a Mexican lawyer,professor,journalist and liberal politician. He is known as author of the Iglesias law,an anticlerical law regulating ecclesiastical fees and aimed at preventing the impoverishment of the Mexican peasantry.
Juan Nepomuceno Méndez Sánchez was a Mexican general,a Liberal politician and confidant of Porfirio Díaz,and interim president of the Republic for a few months during the Porfiriato. He served from 6 December 1876 until 17 February 1877.
San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec,or simply referred to as Tuxtepec,is the head of the municipality by the same name and is the second most populous city of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. It is part of the Tuxtepec District of the Papaloapan Region. As of the 2020 census,the city is home to a population of 103,609 and 159,452 in the municipality,though census data are often under reported for various reasons.
In Mexican history,the Plan of Tuxtepec was a plan drafted by General Porfirio Díaz in 1876 and proclaimed on 10 January 1876 in the Villa de Ojitlán municipality of San Lucas Ojitlán,Tuxtepec district,Oaxaca. It was signed by a group of military officers led by Colonel Hermenegildo Sarmiento and drafted by porfiristas Vicente Riva Palacio,Ireneo Paz,and Protasio Tagle on the instigation of Díaz. Díaz signed the previous version of the plan in December 1875,which did not include the three most important articles that appointed Diaz as president. It disavowed Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada as President,while acknowledging the Constitution and the Reform laws,and proclaimed Díaz as the leader of the movement. Díaz later became the president of Mexico,ushering in a period known as the Porfiriato.
San Felipe Jalapa de Díaz is a town,and the surrounding municipality of the same name,in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. It is some 50 km west of Tuxtepec,and is part of the Tuxtepec District of the Papaloapan Region.
The Battle of Tecoac was fought at Tecoac in the Mexican state of Tlaxcala on November 16,1876,between the forces of Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada,then President of Mexico,and those of Porfirio Díaz. The battle was a victory for Díaz,who subsequently assumed the presidency himself;Lerdo went into exile in New York City.
JoséCevallos Cepeda was a Mexican politician and military leader.
General Donato Guerra (1832-1876) was the leader of the Mexican Army during the time of La Reforma. Born in Jalisco,he participated in the Reform War and in the French intervention. He joined the Plan de la Noria and Tuxtepec.
Tuxtepec District is located in the north of the Papaloapan Region of the State of Oaxaca,Mexico.
Luis Pérez Figueroa was a Mexican general who fought in the war of independence that followed the French intervention in Mexico.
In the history of Mexico,the Plan de la Noria was a revolutionary call to arms intended to oust President Benito Juárez,who had been elected to a fourth term. Liberal General Porfirio Díaz issued it on 8 November 1871,immediately following his defeat by Juárez in the presidential election. Neither Juárez,Díaz,nor the third candidate,Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada,won a majority of votes. As a result,the Mexican Congress had to choose the victor;it was dominated by Juáristas and elected Juárez to his fourth term.
The Restored Republic was the era of Mexican history between 1867 and 1876,starting with the liberal triumph over the Second French Intervention in Mexico and the fall of the Second Mexican Empire and ending with Porfirio Diaz's ascension to the presidency. It was followed by the three-decade dictatorship known as the Porfiriato.
Presidential elections were held in Mexico in 1877. They followed the overthrow of President Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada at the end of 1876 as part of the Plan of Tuxtepec. The result was a victory for Porfirio Díaz,who received 96% of the vote.
