The Public Health Agency (PHA) is a directorate within the New Zealand Ministry of Health responsible for managing population and public health. It was established on 1 July 2022 as part of a large scale reform of public health services in New Zealand. [1]
The Public Health Agency is led by Dr. Andrew Old, who assumed the position of Deputy-Director General of the organisation on 18 July 2022. [2]
In mid–April 2021, Minister of Health Andrew Little announced that New Zealand's district health board system would be replaced with three new entities including the public health agency, Te Whatu Ora (Health New Zealand), the Te Aka Whai Ora (Māori Health Authority), and the Public Health Authority. The latter would be tasked with centralising the provision of public health services in New Zealand. [3] [4]
In October 2021, the Sixth Labour Government introduced the Pae Ora (Healthy Futures) Bill to entrench the new health system into law. Besides establishing Health NZ and the Māori Health Authority, the legislation also established the Public Health Agency as a directorate of the Health Ministry. [5]
The Public Health Agency formally came into existence on 1 July 2022. It inherited the functions of the former Health Promotion Agency including public health and population health policy, strategy, regulatory, intelligence, surveillance, and monitoring. The new agency will also advise the Director-General of Health on theses issues. [1] [6] In addition, the PHA was tasked with developing a public health strategy to meet the needs of Māori and integrating mātauranga Māori (indigenous Māori knowledge) and tofa loloto (Pasifika knowledge) into evidence-based health policy. [1]
On 19 July, the outgoing Director-General of Health Ashley Bloomfield announced that the PHA's Deputy Director-General Andrew Old would assume responsibility for fronting COVID-19 media briefings and press conferences following his departure later in the month. [7]
The Ministry of Health is the public service department of New Zealand responsible for healthcare in New Zealand. It came into existence in its current form in 1993.
District health boards (DHBs) in New Zealand were organisations established by the New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000 under the Fifth Labour Government, responsible for ensuring the provision of health and disability services to populations within a defined geographical area. They existed from 1 January 2001, when the act came into force, to 30 June 2022. Initially there were 21 DHBs, and this was reduced to 20 organisations in 2010: fifteen in the North Island and five in the South Island. DHBs received public funding from the Ministry of Health on behalf of the Crown, based on a formula that took into account the total number, gender, age, socio-economic status and ethnic mix of their population. DHBs were governed by boards, which were partially elected and partially appointed by the minister of Health.
The healthcare system of New Zealand has undergone significant changes throughout the past several decades. From an essentially fully public system based on the Social Security Act 1938, reforms have introduced market and health insurance elements primarily since the 1980s, creating a mixed public-private system for delivering healthcare.
New Zealand has a unitary system of government in which the authority of the central government defines sub-national entities. Local government in New Zealand has only the powers conferred upon it by the New Zealand Parliament. Under the Local Government Act 2002, local authorities are responsible for enabling democratic local decision-making and promoting the social, economic, environmental, and cultural well-being of their communities, as well as more specific functions for which they have delegated authority.
Auckland District Health Board (ADHB) was a district health board that provided healthcare in the Auckland Region in New Zealand, mainly on the Auckland isthmus. This district health board existed between 2001 and 2022 and was governed by a part-elected, part-appointed board. In 2022, its functions and responsibilities were subsumed by Te Whatu Ora and Te Aka Whai Ora.
The South Canterbury District Health Board was a district health board with the focus on providing healthcare to the Timaru, Mackenzie, Waimate districts in New Zealand. In July 2022, it was merged into the national health service Te Whatu Ora.
The Bay of Plenty District Health Board was a district health board with the focus on providing healthcare to the Bay of Plenty area of New Zealand. In 2022, the Bay of Plenty DHB was dissolved as part of a national overhaul of the district health board system. Its former functions and responsibilities were assumed by Te Whatu Ora.
The Hawke's Bay District Health Board was a district health board with the focus on providing healthcare to Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. In July 2022, it was merged into the national health service Te Whatu Ora.
The Hutt Valley District Health Board was a district health board that provided healthcare to the cities of Lower Hutt and Upper Hutt in New Zealand. In July 2022, the Hutt Valley DHB was merged into the national health service Te Whatu Ora.
The Lakes District Health Board was a district health board that provided healthcare to the area covered by Taupō and Rotorua districts in New Zealand. In July 2022, the Lakes DHB was merged into the national health service Te Whatu Ora.
The Nelson Marlborough District Health Board was a district health board with the focus on providing healthcare to the Nelson, Tasman and Marlborough districts of New Zealand. In July 2022, it was merged into the national health service Te Whatu Ora.
The Northland District Health Board is a district health board with the focus on providing healthcare to the Northland Region of New Zealand. In July 2022, the Northland DHB was merged into the national health service Te Whatu Ora.
The Southern District Health Board was a district health board which provided healthcare to an area covering the southern half of the South Island of New Zealand. In July 2022, the Southern DHB was dissolved as part of a nationwide overhaul of the district health board system. Its former functions and responsibilities were taken over by Te Whatu Ora.
The Tairāwhiti District Health Board, branded as Hauora Tairāwhiti since 2015, was a district health board with the focus on providing healthcare to the Gisborne District of New Zealand. In July 2022, the Tairāwhiti DHB was merged into the national health service Te Whatu Ora.
The Taranaki District Health Board was a district health board which provided healthcare to the Taranaki region of New Zealand. In July 2022, the Taranaki DHB was merged into the national health service Te Whatu Ora.
The Wairarapa District Health Board was a district health board that provided healthcare to the Masterton, Carterton, and South Wairarapa districts of New Zealand. In July 2022, the Wairarapa DHB was merged into the national health service Te Whatu Ora.
COVID-19 vaccination in New Zealand began on 20 February 2021, and will continue throughout the pandemic with the goal of vaccinating all willing New Zealanders aged 5 or older. Those aged 5 to 11 require a parent, caregiver or legal guardian accompany them to their appointment and provide consent for them to be vaccinated. As of 1 September, anyone in New Zealand, regardless of their immigration status, is eligible to be vaccinated.
Health New Zealand - Te Whatu Ora is the primary publicly funded healthcare system of New Zealand. It was established by the New Zealand Government to replace the country's 20 district health boards (DHBs) on 1 July 2022. Te Whatu Ora is charged with working alongside the Public Health Agency to manage the provision of healthcare services in New Zealand.
Te Aka Whai Ora was an independent New Zealand government statutory entity tasked with managing Māori health policies, services, and outcomes. The agency was one of four national bodies that oversaw New Zealand's health system since 2022, along with the Ministry of Health, the Public Health Agency, and Te Whatu Ora. They replaced a system in which a single Ministry funded services through 20 district health boards (DHBs).
Fepulea'i Margie Apa is a New Zealand healthcare manager and head of Te Whatu Ora, the health authority which came into operation in July 2022. Of Samoan descent she was the first Samoan to be head of a district health board.