Location | Punta Nati Menorca Spain |
---|---|
Coordinates | 40°03′01″N3°49′25″E / 40.050229°N 3.823542°E |
Tower | |
Constructed | 1913 |
Construction | stone |
Height | 19 metres (62 ft) |
Shape | octagonal stone tower with balcony and lantern |
Power source | mains electricity |
Light | |
Focal height | 42 metres (138 ft) |
Range | 18 nautical miles (33 km; 21 mi) |
Characteristic | Fl (3+1) W 20s. |
The Punta Nati Lighthouse is an active aid to navigation located on the rocky north western coast of the Spanish island of Menorca.
The lighthouse was built following demands from the French authorities to light the northern coast of the island. This was primarily in response to the sinking of the French steamship Général Chanzy nearby in 1910, during which 156 passengers and crew lost their lives. Designed by the engineer Mauro Serret, Punta Nati was constructed rapidly in just over a year, it became operational in 1913, and was fully completed in 1914.
The loss of the Général Chanzy was the catalyst for building the light, but a number of other shipwrecks had also occurred in the area despite the presence of the lighthouse at Cavalleria, which was completed in 1857. Construction of a third lighthouse on the northern coast at Favàritx began in 1917, which was also designed by Serret. [1]
Named after the famous French general Antoine Chanzy, the steamship was a packet boat that sailed a regular route from Marseille to Algiers, and was part of the CGT or French line. It left the French port of Marseille on the 9 February 1910, but was caught in a storm whilst passing through the Menorca straight. Due to the poor conditions many passengers came on deck including Marcel Bodez [note 1] a French customs clerk who was the only survivor. He jumped overboard wearing a lifejacket when the ship struck rocks, and witnessed the loss of the ship when it broke up as a result of the boilers exploding. [2] [3]
Washed against the foot of a steep cliff, the injured Bodez found a cave in which to shelter as the flotsam from the wreck came ashore. By the next day the storm had subsided enough that he was able to climb the steep cliffs and made his way inland until he found a local islander. Unable to converse due to the language difference, he had to explain it through drawings using charcoal. He was then taken to the nearby town of Ciutadella to recuperate, from where a recovery operation was initiated to retrieve the many bodies of those drowned in the disaster that had come ashore. [4] [5] [3]
There are a number of memorials commemorating the loss of the General Chanzy, one is a simple cross on top of a cairn not far from the lighthouse. [6]
Located within the old cemetery in Ciutadella, is another more elaborate memorial. Completed in 1911, it features a large statue of an angel with a stone plaque depicting the ship. It was funded by donations from the people of Menorca and the CGT shipping company. In 1917, the remains of twelve unidentified victims were interred in the cemetery. [7]
A third memorial was built in the grounds of Chateau Danem, designed by the architect Georges Wybo it commemorates the loss of a number of French cabaret artists who were victims of the shipwreck. [8]
The lighthouse has a 19-metre-high (62 ft) stone tower, flanked by two keepers’ houses, set within a walled compound. With a focal height of 42 metres above sea level, the light which displays a three plus one pattern of white flashes in 20 seconds has a nominal range of 18 nautical miles. [1]
It marks the eastern side of the Menorca Channel, a strait that separates Majorca and Menorca. [9] [10] The rocky northern coast of Menorca has been the site of many shipwrecks, these losses continuing despite the construction of the Cavalleria Lighthouse in 1857. [11] Although the loss of the General Chanzy was the spur for the lighthouse, other wrecks of that time included the Ville de Rome in 1898 and the Isaac Pereire in 1906, both of which also belonged to the CGT line. [12] [13]
The lighthouse is operated and maintained by the Port Authority of the Balearic Islands, and is registered under the international Admiralty number E0348 and has the NGA identifier of 113–5220. [10]
The Camí de Cavalls a long-distance footpath that circumnavigates the island, passes along the coast near to the lighthouse. It marks the end of the stage from Ciutadella and the start of the next section to Cala Morell. [6] Close to where the path crosses the road to the lighthouse, a car park has been built. Visitors can then walk 1 km towards the lighthouse, although the tower and compound are not accessible to the public [14] [10]
Adjacent to the lighthouse, overlooking the sea, is a cluster of defensive bunkers from the Spanish Civil War, which have been constructed in the form of sheep refuges or barracas. [6]
Menorca or Minorca is one of the Balearic Islands located in the Mediterranean Sea belonging to Spain. Its name derives from its size, contrasting it with nearby Mallorca. Its capital is Mahón, situated on the island's eastern end, although Menorca is not a province and forms a political union with the other islands in the archipelago. Ciutadella and Mahon are the main ports and largest towns. The port of Mahon is the second biggest natural port in the world.
Mahón, officially Maó, and also written as Mahon or Port Mahon in English, is the capital and second largest city of Menorca. The city is located on the eastern coast of the island, which is part of the archipelago and autonomous community of the Balearic Islands.
Ciutadella de Menorca or simply Ciutadella is a town and a municipality in the western end of Menorca, one of the Balearic Islands (Spain). It is one of the two primary cities in the island, along with Maó.
Sant Lluís is a municipality on the tip of south-east Menorca in the Spanish Balearic Islands.
St. Philip's Castle was a fortress guarding the entrance to the port of Mahón. It is located in the municipality of Es Castell, on the island of Menorca.
Sanisera was one of the Roman cities located in the island of Menorca, which was mentioned by Pliny the Elder in his book Naturalis Historia, III, 77–78 in the 1st century BC:
The Baleares, so formidable in war with their slingers, have received from the Greeks the name of Gymnasiæ. The larger island is 100 miles in length, and 475 in circumference. It has the following towns; Palma and Pollentia, enjoying the rights of Roman citizens, Cinium and Tucis, with Latin rights; and Bocchorum was a federate town. At thirty miles' distance is the smaller island, 40 miles in length, and 150 in circumference; it contains the states of Jamnon, Sanisera, and Magon.
The Cap de Cavalleria Ecomuseum is an institution which is located on the northernmost coast of Menorca, in the proximity of Cavalleria Cape and the port of Sanitja.
An Ottoman raid of the Balearic islands was accomplished by the Ottoman Empire in 1558, against the Spanish Habsburg territory of the Balearic islands.
The Battle of Menorca took place in the island Menorca between 7 and 9 February 1939 during the Spanish Civil War.
Cala en Bosch, also known as Cala'n Bosch or Cala en Bosc, is a beach, marina, hotel, and apartment resort located on the southwest coast of Menorca, one of the Balearic Islands in Spain. It is situated approximately 9 kilometres south of the town of Ciutadella de Menorca. The area is bordered by the neighborhoods of Son Xoriguer to the east and Cap d'Artrutx, which is the southwestern point of the island and home to the prominent Lighthouse of Artrutx. Cala en Bosch offers scuba diving facilities, making it an attractive destination for underwater enthusiasts.
The Cap d'Artrutx Lighthouse or Artrutx Lighthouse is an active 19th century lighthouse located on the low-lying headland of the same name on the Spanish island of Menorca. It was completed in 1859 but the tower was significantly increased in height in 1969. Automated in 1980, the keeper's accommodation is now used as a restaurant.
The Illa de l’Aire Lighthouse is an active lighthouse on the islet of Illa de l'Aire, on the southeast coast of the Spanish island of Menorca.
The Ciutadella, Punta de Sa Farola or Sa Farola Lighthouse is an active 19th century lighthouse on the Spanish island of Menorca. Originally completed in 1863, the tower has subsequently undergone a number of modifications. It lies close to the seaward entrance of the port of Ciutadella on the Sa Farola point, at the western end of the island. On the opposite headland is the Castell de Sant Nicolau, a 17th-century defensive tower.
The Favàritx Lighthouse is an active lighthouse on the Spanish island of Menorca.
The Punta Moscarter Lighthouse is an active lighthouse, near Portinatx on the northern coast of the Spanish island of Ibiza.
Punta Cumplida Lighthouse is an active 19th century Spanish lighthouse on the Canary island of La Palma in the municipality of Barlovento. Punta Cumplida is the oldest of the four main lighthouses on La Palma, each one being located near to a different cardinal point of the island. Punta Cumplida marks the north-eastern tip; Fuencaliente the southern point, and the two modern lighthouses at Punta Lava and Arenas Blancas, the eastern and western points respectively.
Més per Menorca is a Menorcan political party. It was initially a coalition formed by the Socialist Party of Menorca, the Republican Left of the Balearic Islands, The Greens of Menorca, Equo, local parties and independents around the island until 2017. MpM was created in July 2014. Until May 2017 it had been linked to the similarly-named alliance in Majorca.
USLHT Armeria was a lighthouse tender in commission with the United States Lighthouse Board from December 1890 to March 1898. After Spanish–American War service in the United States Navy as USS Armeria from May to August 1898, she resumed her lighthouse tender duties, first with the Lighthouse Board from 1898 to 1910 and then with its successor organization, the United States Lighthouse Service, from 1910 until she was wrecked in 1912. She was the first lighthouse tender assigned to permanent duty in the Territory of Alaska.