Ahmad Shah Massoud was an Afghan politician and military commander. He was a powerful guerrilla commander during the resistance against the Soviet occupation between 1979 and 1989. In the 1990s,he led the government's military wing against rival militias;after the Taliban takeover,he was the leading opposition commander against their regime until his assassination in 2001.
The Durrani Empire or the Afghan Empire,also known as the Sadozai Kingdom,was an Afghan empire that was founded by Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1747 and spanned parts of Central Asia,the Iranian plateau,and the Indian Subcontinent. At its largest territorial extent,it ruled over the present-day Afghanistan,Pakistan,parts of northeastern and southeastern Iran,eastern Turkmenistan,and northwestern India. Next to the Ottoman Empire,the Durrani Empire is considered to be among the most impactful Muslim empires of the latter half of the 18th century.
The Islamic National Army or referred to as the Islamic Emirate Army and Afghan Army,is the land force branch of the Afghan Armed Forces. The roots of an army in Afghanistan can be traced back to the early 18th century when the Hotak dynasty was established in Kandahar followed by Ahmad Shah Durrani's rise to power. It was reorganized in 1880 during Emir Abdur Rahman Khan's reign. Afghanistan remained neutral during the First and Second World Wars. From the 1960s to the early 1990s,the Afghan Army was equipped by the Soviet Union.
The First Anglo-Afghan War was fought between the British Empire and the Emirate of Kabul from 1838 to 1842. The British initially successfully invaded the country taking sides in a succession dispute between emir Dost Mohammad (Barakzai) and former emir Shah Shujah (Durrani),whom they reinstalled upon occupying Kabul in August 1839. The main British Indian force occupied Kabul and endured harsh winters. The force and its camp followers were almost completely massacred during the 1842 retreat from Kabul.
The Northern Alliance,officially known as the United Islamic National Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan,was a military alliance of groups that operated between late 1996 to 2001 after the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban) took over Kabul. The United Front was originally assembled by key leaders of the Islamic State of Afghanistan,particularly president Burhanuddin Rabbani and former Defense Minister Ahmad Shah Massoud. Initially it included mostly Tajiks but by 2000,leaders of other ethnic groups had joined the Northern Alliance. This included Karim Khalili,Abdul Rashid Dostum,Abdullah Abdullah,Mohammad Mohaqiq,Abdul Qadir,Asif Mohseni,Amrullah Saleh and others.
Bismillah Khan Mohammadi,or Bismillah Khan,is an Afghan politician who served as the defense minister of Afghanistan from 2012 to 2015 and for two months in 2021. From 2002 to 2010,he served as Chief of Staff of the Afghan National Army,and from 2010 to 2012 he held the post of Interior Minister of Afghanistan. He has an anti-Taliban background and once served as a senior commander under Ahmad Shah Massoud. Despite the fall of Kabul to the Taliban in August 2021,Mohammadi claims to remain the minister of defense as part of the government of the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan.
General Muhammad Musa Khan was a Pakistan Army senior general who served as the 4th Commander-in-Chief of Pakistan Army from 1958 to 1966,under President Ayub Khan. Following his tenure as C-in-C of the Army,he later became a politician.
The Battle of Kabul was part of a punitive campaign undertaken by the British against the Afghans following the disastrous retreat from Kabul. Two British and East India Company armies advanced on the Afghan capital from Kandahar and Jalalabad to avenge the complete annihilation of the British-Indian military-civilian column in January 1842. Having recovered prisoners captured during the retreat,the British demolished parts of Kabul before withdrawing to India. The action was the concluding engagement to the First Anglo-Afghan War.
The military history of Pakistan encompasses an immense panorama of conflicts and struggles extending for more than 2,000 years across areas constituting modern Pakistan and greater South Asia. The history of the modern-day military of Pakistan began in 1947,when Pakistan achieved its independence as a modern nation.
The 1992–1996 Afghan Civil War took place between 28 April 1992—the date a new interim Afghan government was supposed to replace the Republic of Afghanistan of President Mohammad Najibullah—and the Taliban's conquest of Kabul establishing the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan on 27 September 1996.
The 1996–2001 Afghan Civil War took place between the Taliban's conquest of Kabul and their establishing of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan on 27 September 1996,and the US and UK invasion of Afghanistan on 7 October 2001:a period that was part of the Afghan Civil War that had started in 1989,and also part of the war in Afghanistan that had started in 1978.
Lieutenant-General Javed NasirHI(M),SBt,PEC),is a Pakistani retired engineering officer who served as the Director-General of the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI),appointed on 14 March 1992 until 13 May 1993.
The following lists events that happened during 2004 in Afghanistan.
Volker Wieker is the former Chief of Staff of the Bundeswehr,the German armed forces,and a general of the German Army. Trained as an artillery officer,Wieker served in every major foreign Bundeswehr deployment since 1996,including Bosnia,Kosovo and Afghanistan.
The Shura-e Nazar was created by Ahmad Shah Massoud in 1984 at the northern provinces of Takhar,Badakhshan,Balkh and Kunduz,during the Soviet-Afghan War. It comprised and united about 130 resistance commanders from 12 northern,eastern and central regions of Afghanistan. Though operating autonomously,Shura-e Nazar was technically an offshoot of Rabbani's Jamiat-e Islami and hence operated within the framework of the Peshawar Seven against the Soviet-supported Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
General Khodaidad is a former Minister of Counter Narcotics of Afghanistan.
General Raheel SharifNI(M) HI(M) LOM,is a retired four-star army general of the Pakistan Army who served as the 9th Chief of Army Staff from 29 November 2013 to 29 November 2016. After his retirement as Pakistan's army chief,he was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition,a 41-nation alliance of Muslim countries headquartered in Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
The following lists events that happened during 2015 in Afghanistan.
General Mohammad Yasin Zia,is an Afghan military officer and politician. He is a former Chief of General Staff,former Deputy Defense Minister,and former governor of Takhar Province,Afghanistan. Zia has also served as head of Afghanistan's counter terrorism unit (2011) and as the deputy director of the National Directorate of Security (2011–2015). In 2022,he was reported to be one of the leaders of the anti-Taliban Afghanistan Freedom Front resistance movement.
The 201 Khalid Ibn Walid Corps is one of the eight corps of the Islamic Emirate Army established in October 2021 and headquartered in Laghman. The current Chief of Staff is Abdul Rahman Mansoori.
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan 
Afghan National Army 
General