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The Ilkhanate or Il-khanate was a Mongol khanate founded in the southwestern territories of the Mongol Empire. It was ruled by the Il-Khans or Ilkhanids,and known to the Mongols as HülegüUlus. The Ilkhanid realm was officially known as the Land of Iran or simply Iran. It was established after Hülegü,the son of Tolui and grandson of Genghis Khan,inherited the West Asian and Central Asian part of the Mongol Empire after his brother Möngke Khan died in 1259.
Ahmed Tekuder,also known as Sultan Ahmad,was the sultan of the Ilkhanate from 1282 to 1284. He was a son of Hulegu and brother of Abaqa. He was eventually succeeded by his nephew Arghun Khan.
Arghun Khan was the fourth ruler of the Mongol empire's Ilkhanate division,from 1284 to 1291. He was the son of Abaqa Khan,and like his father,was a devout Buddhist. He was known for sending several emissaries to Europe in an unsuccessful attempt to form a Franco-Mongol alliance against the Muslim Mamluks in the Holy Land. It was also Arghun who requested a new bride from his great-uncle Kublai Khan. The mission to escort the young Kököchin across Asia to Arghun was reportedly entrusted to Marco Polo. Arghun died before Kököchin arrived,so she Arghun's son Ghazan married her instead.
Amir Chūpān,also spelt Choban or Coban,was a Chupanid noble of the Ilkhanate,and nominal general of the Mongol Empire. He was ennobled by Emperor Taiding of Yuan as Duke of Yi (翊國公).
Arpa Ke'un,also known as Arpa Khan or Gavon or Gawon,was an Ilkhan (1335–1336) during the disintegration of the Ilkhanate,the Mongol state in Southwest Asia based in Persia.
Ala ud-Din Timurtash was a member of the Chobanids who dominated politics in the final years of the Ilkhanate.
Baydu was the sixth ruler of the Mongol empire's Ilkhanate division in Iran. He was the son of Taraqai,who was in turn the fifth son of Hulagu Khan. He succeeded his cousin Gaykhatu as khan of the Ilkhanate in 1295.
Demasq Kaja or Dimashq Khwāja was a member of the Chobanid family around the first quarter of the 14th century.
Shaikh Hasan,also known as "Hasan Buzurg",Hassan the Jalair or Hassan-e Uljatâï was the first of several de facto independent Jalayirid rulers of Iraq and central Iran.
Öljaitü,also known as Mohammad-e Khodabandeh,was the eighth Ilkhanid dynasty ruler from 1304 to 1316 in Tabriz,Iran. His name 'Öjaitü' means 'blessed' in the Mongolian language and his last name 'Khodabandeh' means 'God's servant' in the Persian language.
Taghachar,also spelled Tajir,Ta'achar was a commander in the Mongol Empire's army. He was one of the conspirators involved in the overthrow of three Ilkhanate khans,and placed the short-lived Baydu on the throne in 1295.
Nawrūz was a son of governor Arghun Aqa and a powerful 13th-century Oirat emir who played an important role in the politics of the Mongol Ilkhanate.
Kutlushah,Kutlusha or Qutlughshah,was a general under the Mongol Ilkhanate ruler Ghazan at the end the 13th century. He was particularly active in the Christian country of Georgia and especially during the Mongol invasion of Syria,until his ignominious defeat in 1303 led to his banishment. He was killed during the conquest of Gilan in 1307.
Buqa was a Mongol lord and chancellor who was instrumental in sweeping Arghun to power as the fourth Il-Khan of Iran in 1284 and became his chief minister (vizier) and advisor,succeeding Shams ad-Din Juvayni whom Arghun had executed in October 1284. Buqa too was executed on Arghun's order in January 1289.
Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan,also spelled Abusaid Bahador Khan,Abu Sa'id Behauder,was the ninth ruler of the Ilkhanate,a division of the Mongol Empire that encompassed the present day countries of Iran,Azerbaijan,Georgia,and Armenia,as well as parts of Iraq,Turkey,Afghanistan,and Pakistan. After his death in 1335,the Ilkhanate disintegrated.
Kurdujin Khatun was an Ilkhanid princess who ruled Kerman from 1295 to 1296,and Shiraz from 1319 to 1338.
Qonqurtai was a Mongol prince and viceroy of Anatolia for the Ilkhanate khanate.
Irinjin or Irenjin was a powerful Kerait emir in Ilkhanate and a viceroy of Anatolia.
The Kingdom of Eastern Georgia was the official prolongation of the Kingdom of Georgia from 1256 to 1329. Its rule was limited to the geographical areas of central and eastern Georgia,while the western part of the country temporarily seceded to form the Kingdom of Western Georgia under its own line of kings. The secession followed a transitional period when the rule of the Kingdom of Georgia was jointly assumed by the cousins David VI and David VII from 1246 to 1256. The entity split into two parts when David VI,revolting from the Mongol hegemony,seceded in the western half of the kingdom and formed the Kingdom of Western Georgia in 1256. David VII was relegated to the rule of Eastern Georgia. During his reign,Eastern Georgia went into further decline under the Mongol overlordship.
Alinaq Noyan (–1289) was a commander of the Il-Khanate and a Commander of Georgia. He was the son-in-law of the Il-Khanid ruler Tekuder. He may have been a son of Tügür Bitigchi,a commander of Hulegu.
References
- ↑ Hope, Michael (2017). "'The Pillars of State:' Some Notes on the Qarachu Beg s and the Kešikten in the Īl-Khānate (1256-1335)". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland. 27 (2): 181–199. doi:10.1017/S1356186316000523. ISSN 0035-869X. S2CID 164390858.
- ↑ Broadbridge, Anne F. (2018-07-18). Women and the Making of the Mongol Empire (1 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 278. doi:10.1017/9781108347990.010. ISBN 978-1-108-34799-0. S2CID 240360589.
- 1 2 Subaşi, Ömer (2015-12-30). "İLHANLI DEVLETİ NDE KERAİT BİR AİLE: ALİNAK NOYAN VE EMİR KURMİŞİ" (PDF). Journal of International Social Research. 8 (41): 563. doi:10.17719/jisr.20154115041. ISSN 1307-9581.
- 1 2 Orbelean, Step'annos; Bedrosian, Robert. History of the State of Sisakan. pp. 243–244.
- ↑ Uyar, Mustafa. "İlhanlı-Memlûk Mücadelesinde Bir Kırılma Noktası: Vâdî el-Hazindâr Savaşı, ICANAS (International Congress of Asian and North African Studies), 14 September 2007, Ankara-TURKEY, pp. 3225-3231".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ↑ Ta'rīkh-i Shaikh Uwais : (History of Shaikh Uais) : Am important source for the history of Adharbaijān in the fourteenth century. p. 51.
- ↑ Hope, Michael (2016). Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran. Oxford University Press. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-19-876859-3.
- ↑ Ismāʻīl, Tawakkul ibn (1911). Ṣafwat al-ṣafā (in Persian). p. 125.
- 1 2 3 Melville, Charles P. ""Abu Sa'id and the revolt of the amirs in 1319"". L'Iran Face a la Domination Mongole, ed. D. Aigle, Tehran, 1997, Pp. 89-120.
- ↑ Lang, D. M. (1955). "Georgia in the Reign of Giorgi the Brilliant (1314-1346)". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 17 (1): 80. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00106354. ISSN 0041-977X. JSTOR 609230.
It will also be recalled that al-'Umari says that Chupan counted on King Giorgi as 'a remover of any unpleasantness'. As an example of this we may cite Giorgi's active role in the suppression of the revolt of the Amir Qurmishi, who was military governor in Georgia. In 1319 this personage tried to take advantage of Chupan's many commitments in order to secede from the Il-Khanian empire. King Giorgi, however, refused to countenance this and helped to crush Qurmishi. The situation was soon brought under control.