Mala is a Telugu caste from the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. They are also present in smaller numbers in the states of Karnataka and Maharashtra. They are considered as Scheduled Caste (SC) or OBC depending on religious status by the Government of India. According to 2001 census data,Malas constituted 41.6 percent of the Scheduled Castes population in the then state of Andhra Pradesh,which also included the present state of Telangana.
The Other Backward Class (OBC) is a collective term used by the Government of India to classify castes that are educationally or socially backward. It is one of several official classifications of the population of India,along with general castes,Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (SCs and STs). The OBCs were found to comprise 52% of the country's population by the Mandal Commission report of 1980 and were determined to be 41% in 2006 when the National Sample Survey Organisation took place. There is substantial debate over the exact number of OBCs in India;it is generally estimated to be sizable,but many believe that it is higher than the figures quoted by either the Mandal Commission or the National Sample Survey.
The Mandal Commission or the Socially and Educationally Backward Classes Commission (SEBC),was established in India in 1979 by the Janata Party government under Prime Minister Morarji Desai with a mandate to "identify the socially or educationally backward classes" of India. It was headed by B. P. Mandal,an Indian member of parliament,to consider the question of reservations for people to address caste discrimination,and to use eleven social,economic,and educational indicators to determine backwardness. In 1980,based on its rationale that OBCs identified on the basis of caste,social,economic indicators made up 52% of India's population,the commission's report recommended that members of Other Backward Classes (OBC) be granted reservations to 27% of jobs under the central government and public sector undertakings,thus making the total number of reservations for SC,ST and OBC to 49.5%.
Madiga is a Telugu caste from southern India. They mainly live in the states of Andhra Pradesh,Telangana and Karnataka,with a small minority in Tamil Nadu. Madigas are historically associated with the work of tannery,leatherwork and small handicrafts. Today,most are agricultural labourers. They are categorized as a Scheduled Caste by the Government of India. Within the Madiga community,there are various sub-castes include Bindla,Chindu,Dakkali,Mashti,Sangaris and the priestly class is known as Madiga Dasu.
Reservation is a system of affirmative action in India created during the British rule. It provides historically disadvantaged groups representation in education,employment,government schemes,scholarships and politics. Based on provisions in the Indian Constitution,it allows the Union Government and the States and Territories of India to set reserved quotas or seats,at particular percentage in Education Admissions,Employments,Political Bodies,Promotions,etc.,for "socially and educationally backward citizens."
The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) practices affirmative action and offers reservation to the "backward and weaker sections" of the society that includes SC/ST/OBC-NCL/EWS/PWD/Girl candidates.
The 2006 Indian anti-reservation protests were a series of protests that took place in India in 2006 in opposition to the decision of the Union Government of India,led by the Indian National Congress-headed multiparty coalition United Progressive Alliance,to implement reservations for the Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in central and private institutes of higher education. These protests were one of the two major protests against the Indian reservation system,the other one being the 1990 anti-Mandal protests.
Boianapalli Vinod Kumar is an Indian politician and former Member of Parliament,he served as Vice-chairman of Telangana State Planning Board (2019-2023). He represented the Karimnagar constituency of Telangana State in the 16th Lok Sabha (2014-2019) and Hanamkonda constituency in the 14th Lok Sabha (2004-2009). He is one of the founding members of the Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) party and is presently a politburo member and served as party's deputy Floor Leader in the 16th Lok Sabha.
Forward caste is a term used in India to denote castes which are not listed in SC,ST or OBC reservation lists. They are on average considered ahead of other castes economically and educationally. They account for about 30.8% of the population based on Schedule 10 of available data from the National Sample Survey Organisation 55th (1999–2000) and National Sample Survey Organisation 61st Rounds (2004–05) Round Survey.
Creamy layer is a term used in Indian politics to refer to some members of a backward class who are highly advanced socially as well as economically and educationally. They constitute the forward section of that particular backward class –as forward as any other forward class member. They are not eligible for government-sponsored educational and professional benefit programs. The term was introduced by the Sattanathan Commission in 1971,which directed that the "creamy layer" should be excluded from the reservations (quotas) of civil posts. It was also identified later by Justice Ram Nandan Committee in 1993.
Kirori Singh Bainsla was a lieutenant colonel of the Indian Army and in 2007 led a caste-based protest movement in the state of Rajasthan,demanding reservation as Scheduled Tribe for the Gurjar community in Rajasthan. He headed the Rajasthan Gurjar Arakshan Sangharsh Samiti which led the wave of protests across the state. Col Bainsla is known for his trademark red pagri (turban) and white dhoti and kurta. He is popularly known as पटरीवालेबाबा.
Taduri Bala Goud was an Indian politician and member of the Indian National Congress. He was 2 time Member of parliament (MP),represented the Nizamabad constituency in Lok Sabha.
Samaikya Andhra Movement was a movement organized to keep the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh united,and to prevent the division of the state - separating the Telangana districts of the state into a separate Telangana state. The movement was supported by government employees,advocates in Coastal Andhra &Rayalaseema regions along with students from 14 universities,various occupational,caste &religious groups of Coastal Andhra &Rayalaseema regions. The last set of protests were triggered after the Congress Working Committee decision to divide the state came to an end after President of India gave nod to Telangana Bill which would make the latter to come into existence from 2 June 2014.
The National Commission for Backward Classes is an Indian constitutional body under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment,Government of India established through Constitution Act,2018 this amendment act in the constitution to make it a constitutional body under Article 338B of the Indian Constitution. It was constituted pursuant to the provisions of the National Commission for Backward Classes Act,1993.
The Golla are a Telugu-speaking pastoral community primarily living in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana with smaller numbers in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. They are related to other pastoral-herding castes like Gulla,Gullar,Gollewar,Gavli and Dhangar and are a part of the larger Yadav community. They are classified as a Backward Caste.
The Fee Reimbursement Scheme is a student education sponsorship programme of the Government of Andhra Pradesh. It supports students from lower economic strata in the state. In 2012–13,more than 600,000 students in professional colleges were covered under the scheme,including around 150,000 students in engineering colleges. From 2013 to 2014,the government made the possession of an Aadhaar card a mandatory requirement for fee reimbursement procedures for the beneficiaries.
Telangana Social Welfare Residential Educational Institutions Society is an educational institution,which organizes about 1,000 Social Welfare Residential Schools in Telangana state by the Government of Telangana,India.
The Jat reservation agitation was a series of violent protests in February 2016 by the Jat people of North India,especially those in the state of Haryana,which "paralysed" the state for 10 days. The protestors sought inclusion of their caste in the Other Backward Class (OBC) category,which would make them eligible for affirmative action benefits. Besides Haryana,the protests also spread to the neighbouring states,such as Uttar Pradesh,Rajasthan,and the National Capital Region.
Economically Weaker Section (EWS) in India is a subcategory of people having an annual family income less than ₹8 lakh (US$10,000) and who do not belong to any category such as SC/ST/OBC across India,nor to MBC in Tamil Nadu. A candidate who does not fall under SC/ST/OBC and fulfils the EWS economic criteria are to be part of the EWS category.
