Rabih Alenezi is a former intelligence officer [1] and Saudi dissident colonel in the Saudi Arabian police force. Known for his vocal criticism of the Saudi Arabian government, particularly Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Alenezi has been living in exile in the United Kingdom. [2] [3] He has made significant contributions to the discourse on human rights in Saudi Arabia, particularly with respect to the Neom project, a planned megacity in the desert. His allegations of human rights violations and his personal experiences have brought international attention to the issue. Despite facing numerous threats, Col. Alenezi continues to speak out against oppression and advocate for human rights. According to Human Rights Watch, hundreds of migrants are said to have been shot dead on the border with Yemen on the orders of MBS. In a ZDF interview (Second German Television), Col. Rabih spoke of an order that has been carried out for three years: In 2020, a killing order came from Mohammed bin Salman himself. The order said to kill anyone who comes near the Saudi border, any person near the border was considered a terrorist to be neutralized immediately. [4] On the British channel itv, Col. Rabih Alenezi appeared in the movie (Kingdom Uncovered: Inside Saudi Arabia) and confirmed that he had received an order to use lethal force against any resistance from the Al-Huwaitat tribe. However, he pretended to be very ill and apologized for carrying out the mission for fear of being involved in human rights violations. Despite this, the mission proceeded and ended with the killing of Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti, who refused to evacuate his house for the NEOM LINE project. [5]
Alenezi studied both his bachelor’s and master’s degrees in the UK. [6] In addition to that, he worked with American police officers and studied security in Phoenix the capital city of Arizona in United States. [7] He also served as a senior official in Saudi Arabia's security service for two decades. During his tenure, he claims he was ordered to commit human rights abuses. [3]
Col. Alenezi defected from Saudi Arabia's General Directorate of Public Security. [2] He requested asylum in the UK after he claimed he had been ordered to commit human rights abuses. [3] He announced his defection and began speaking out online. [2]
Since his defection, Alenezi has received numerous death threats. He was receiving an average of 50 death threats a week. [3] The Saudi royal court reportedly had a $250,000 (£200,000) bounty on his head, therefore, the British police advised him to adopt the lifestyle of Edward Snowden, the former US intelligence operative who is currently hiding in Russia. [8] Col. Rabih Alenezi fears for his life and lives in hiding now. [9]
Col. Alenezi, who carries a diplomatic passport, arrived in London in February 2023, but doesn’t feel safe. He feared he could be killed in the same way as Jamal Khashoggi, a vocal critic of the Saudi regime and Washington Post journalist, who was murdered inside the Saudi embassy in Istanbul in 2018. [10]
According to BBC, Col Alenezi is now based in the UK but still fears for his security. He says an intelligence officer told him that he would be offered $5M (£4M) if he attended a meeting at London's Saudi embassy with the Saudi interior minister but he refused. [11]
Dr. Manisha Ganguly, the investigative reporter for The Guardian, stated on her official account on the X platform that Saudi government agents continue to offer rewards for Colonel Rabih's capture, despite the fact that he lives in exile in the United Kingdom, and she attached an advertising poster from a verified account named @whatsayeezy stating that "First person to geolocate this individual (Col. Rabih Alenezi) and where he rests his head at night gets $15,000,000 in clean crypto serious offer only" and he attached a photograph of Col. Rabih Alenezi [12]
A former senior security and intelligence official, Rabih Alenezi, now seeking asylum in the UK after having a bounty put on his head for speaking out against Mr bin Salman, said the culture of fear rules under the de facto ruler. Col. Alenezi, who reached the top echelons of the country’s security establishment, said that the death penalty, often carried out by beheading with a sword or shooting, is a way to “intimidate people and terrorise society because Mohammed bin Salman knows that people hate him”, including ministers.“He does not believe that people will carry out his orders and accept his projects without fear,” he added. [13]
Col. Alenezi has used his platform to speak out against Prince Mohammed bin Salman. He has gained a huge following online and lives on donations from his followers. [3]
Colonel Rabih Alenezi blasted the NEOM proposal on the American Alhurra channel, arguing it is not a national project because the Saudi Crown Prince ignored Saudi residents' concerns. [14] He made numerous allegations of human rights abuses he was asked to carry out, including the Saudi Interior Ministry's order to crack down on the Howeitat tribe in Tabuk province in 2020, Prince Mohammed's Location of pet project Neom, a planned megacity in the desert. [3] He claimed that Saudi authorities authorized the use of lethal force to clear land for the Neom project. [15] Speaking to Dezeen, Col Alenezi urged companies involved in the project to withdraw from it. "I think Neom firms should pull out of this contentious project immediately lest they be implicated in Saudi Arabian human rights abuses," he said. "I assume that all businesses consider the values of human rights. In Saudi Arabia, there are blatant violations of human rights and systematic oppression of civilians," he continued. "I would like to remind architects that housing is an inalienable human right and that it is not rational to demolish entire towns and force their inhabitants to flee in the name of a wild, impractical plan." [16]
A dissident is a person who actively challenges an established political or religious system, doctrine, belief, policy, or institution. In a religious context, the word has been used since the 18th century, and in the political sense since the 20th century, coinciding with the rise of authoritarian governments in countries such as Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, Francoist Spain, the Soviet Union, Saudi Arabia, North Korea, Turkey, Iran, China, and Turkmenistan. In the Western world, there are historical examples of people who have been considered and have considered themselves dissidents, such as the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza. In totalitarian countries, dissidents are often incarcerated or executed without explicit political accusations, or due to infringements of the very same laws they are opposing, or because they are supporting civil liberties such as freedom of speech.
Tabuk is a province of Saudi Arabia, located along the northwestern coast of the country, facing Egypt across the Red Sea. It has an area of 146,072 km2 and a population of 910,030 (2017). Its capital is Tabuk. The governor is Fahd bin Sultan since 1987. In recent years, the province has received substantial media attention due to the Saudi government's planned Neom City project in the province.
Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud has been King of Saudi Arabia since 2015, and was Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia from 2015 to 2022. He is the 25th son of King Abdulaziz, the founder of Saudi Arabia. He assumed the throne on 23 January 2015. Prior to his accession, he was Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia from 18 June 2012 to 23 January 2015. Salman is the third oldest living head of state, the oldest living monarch, and Saudi Arabia's first head of state born after the unification of Saudi Arabia. He has a reported personal wealth of at least $18 billion, which makes him the third wealthiest royal in the world.
Jamal Ahmad Hamza Khashoggi was a Saudi journalist, dissident, author, columnist for Middle East Eye and The Washington Post, and a general manager and editor-in-chief of Al-Arab News Channel who was assassinated at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul on 2 October 2018 by agents of the Saudi government at the behest of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
The General Directorate of Investigations, commonly known simply as the Mabahith, is the secret police agency of the Presidency of State Security in Saudi Arabia, and deals with domestic security and counter-intelligence.
The Howeitat or Huwaitat are a large Judhami tribe that inhabits areas of present-day southern Jordan, the Sinai Peninsula and Sharqia governate in Egypt, the Negev, and northwestern Saudi Arabia. The Howeitat have several branches, notably the Ibn Jazi, the Abu Tayi, the Anjaddat, and the Sulaymanniyin, in addition to a number of associated tribes.
Salman Mohammed Mohammed Al-Faraj is a Saudi Arabian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Saudi First Division League club Neom and captains the Saudi Arabia national team.
Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud, also known as MBS or MbS, is the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, formally serving as Crown Prince and Prime Minister. He is the heir apparent to the Saudi throne, the seventh son of King Salman of Saudi Arabia, and the grandson of the nation's founder, Ibn Saud.
Saad bin Khalid Al Jabri is a former major-general, minister of state and long-time adviser to deposed Crown Prince Muhammad bin Nayef of Saudi Arabia. He has been living in exile in Canada since May 2017. The Saudi government has unsuccessfully sought to have him extradited back to Saudi Arabia on charges of corruption. Al Jabri has accused the Saudi government of orchestrating assassination attempts on him and of holding two of his children, along with other relatives, as hostages in a bid to force his return.
Saudi Vision 2030 is a government program launched by Saudi Arabia which aims to achieve the goal of increased diversification economically, socially, and culturally, in line with the vision of Saudi Crown Prince and Prime Minister Mohammed bin Salman. It was first announced on 25 April 2016 by the Saudi government.
The following lists events in the year 2017 in Saudi Arabia.
Neom is an arcology and planned city being built by Saudi Arabia in Tabuk Province. Launched in 2017 by crown prince Mohammad bin Salman, the site is at the northern tip of the Red Sea, due east of Egypt across the Gulf of Aqaba and south of Jordan. The total planned area of Neom is 26,500 km2 (10,200 sq mi). Multiple regions are planned, including a floating industrial complex, global trade hub, tourist resorts, and a linear city powered by renewable energy sources. Saudi Arabia claimed that NEOM would create around 460,000 jobs and add an estimated $48 billion to the country's GDP. Thousands of people have been forcibly moved to make way for the project and villages have been razed.
The 2017–2019 Saudi Arabian purge was the mass arrest of a number of prominent Saudi Arabian princes, government ministers, and business people in Saudi Arabia on 4 November 2017. It took place weeks after the creation of an anti-corruption committee led by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
On 2 October 2018, Jamal Khashoggi, a Saudi dissident journalist, was killed by agents of the Saudi government at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, Turkey. Khashoggi was ambushed and strangled by a 15-member squad of Saudi operatives. His body was dismembered and disposed of in some way that was never publicly revealed. The consulate had been secretly bugged by the Turkish government and Khashoggi's final moments were captured in audio recordings, transcripts of which were subsequently made public.
The Tiger Squad, also known as UNIT 1103, and officially called the Rapid Intervention Force, is a military unit under the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, Mohammed bin Salman. According to an unnamed source interviewed by the London-based online news outlet Middle East Eye following the assassination of Jamal Khashoggi in October 2018 and a BBC source inside Saudi Arabia who has a relative in the squad, it is a Saudi team that consists of approximately one-hundred fifty Saudi officers.
The Line is a conceptual linear smart city in Saudi Arabia in Neom, Tabuk Province, housed in a single building, that is designed to have no cars, streets or carbon emissions. The original plans called for the city to span 170 kilometres (110 mi) at a height of 500 m (1,600 ft) and a width of 200 metres (660 ft) sized to accommodate a population of 9 million. The Line would have an entirely glass mirror exterior. The plan calls for all basic services to be within a five-minute walking distance.
The Saudi crackdown on Islamic scholars refers to a series of actions taken by the Saudi Arabian government against various prominent Islamic scholars and thinkers within the country. The crackdown began in late 2017 and has continued to the present day, with many scholars being arrested and jailed, while others have been banned from speaking or writing.
Mohammed Bin Salman Nonprofit City or for short or, is a 840-acre planned real estate development in the Irqah neighborhood of northwestern Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, located in close proximity to the Wadi Hanifa. Announced in November 2021 by the MiSK Foundation, it is named after Saudi crown prince Mohammed bin Salman and is slated to be the world's first 'non-profit city'. It will include academic institutions, a conference center, a science museum, a creative center and art gallery and an integrated residential complex.
Trojena is a mountain tourism destination under construction in Neom, Tabuk Province, Saudi Arabia. Trojena is one of the various announced regions of NEOM and will be located 50 km (31 mi) from the Gulf of Aqaba, covering a total area of 60 km2 (23 sq mi) with an elevation ranging from 1,500–2,600 m (4,900–8,500 ft) above sea level. The tourism destination is part of Saudi Vision 2030 and when announced in 2022 was set to be completed by 2026.
Abdul Rahim Ahmad Mahmoud al-Huwaiti was a Saudi citizen and member of the Howeitat tribe, known for his resistance against the Saudi government's eviction orders for a mega-project. A government employee at the Ministry of Finance, al-Huwaiti became a symbol of protest after he was killed by Saudi security forces in April 2020, following his refusal to give up his ancestral land. His death sparked international criticism and brought attention to the impact of Saudi Arabia's Neom project on the local population.