Formation | 1977 |
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Location |
The Radical Youth League (RYL) is a frontal organisation of the Communist Party of India (Maoist), a Naxalite group, mainly operating in Andhra Pradesh.
The Radical Students Union (RSU) was formed in 1974, and the Radical Youth League (RYL) in 1977. [1] Radical Youth League units were established by revolutionaries in Andhra Pradesh in 1978 during their "Go To Village" campaigns to propagate agrarian revolution. [2] They were banned in Andhra Pradesh, but in 2004 the state government lifted the ban to allow for peace talks. While talks were underway the People's War Group (PWG) merged with Maoist Communist Centre (MCC) to form the Communist Party of India (Maoist). [3] The Naxalites suffered a serious setback in 2005. [4]
On 17 August 2005 a ban was re-imposed on the Communist Party of India (Maoist) and its frontal organisations including the Radical Youth League and the All India Revolutionary Students Federation after Congress legislator C. Narsi Reddy was killed. [3] Bans were repeatedly reimposed, one year at a time. In August 2006 the ban was extended for a year. [5] In August 2009 the Andhra Pradesh government extended the ban for another year. [3] In August 2011 the ban was again extended for another year. [6] In November 2011 it was reported that the Maoists were planning to revive the RYL and other frontal groups in Andhra Pradesh, first in forest areas and later in the plains. Tribal students would be mobilised using the issues of corruption, poor school facilities, lack of teachers and lack of job opportunities. [4]
On 10 January 2000 a Telecom Department engineer was killed by police in Dharmapuri district. He had allegedly joined the Radical Youth League and become an extremist. His widow protested that the "encounter" was fake. In March 2012 the Madras High Court ordered a probe by the Central Bureau of Investigation into the event, saying there was prima facie evidence that the police had violated the law. [7]
The RYL was not banned in the state of Tamil Nadu but the Tamil Nadu police targeted the organisation. [1] On 24 November 2002 the police arrested twenty six people in the Dharmapuri district of Tamil Nadu, and on 10 January 2003 they were placed under POTA by the government on the grounds that they were members of the Radical Youth League. On 26 August 2004, still being held without trial, the detainees began a hunger strike. The former judge Rajinder Sachar led a team of human rights activists who visited them in jail on 15 September 2004 and persuaded them to end the hunger strike. As in May 2005 they had still not been released. [8]
In February 2012 "Q" branch officials arrested a core committee member of the Radical Youth League named Manivasagam along with 25 other Naxalites. Manivasagam had been arrested in 2002 as a courier for the organisation, appeared for trial in 2008 and then escaped. [9]
The Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (CPI (ML)) was an Indian communist party formed by the All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries (AICCCR) at a congress in Calcutta in 1969. The foundation of the party was declared by Kanu Sanyal at a mass meeting in Calcutta on 22 April, Vladimir Lenin's birthday. Later the CPI(ML) party splintered into several Naxalite groups.
The Communist Party of India (Maoist) is a Marxist–Leninist–Maoist banned communist political party and militant organization in India which aims to overthrow the "semi-colonial and semi-feudal Indian state" through protracted people's war. It was founded on 21 September 2004, through the merger of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War (People's War Group) and the Maoist Communist Centre of India (MCCI). The party has been designated as a terrorist organisation in India under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act since 2009.
Kanu Sanyal was an Indian communist politician. In 1967, he was one of the main leaders of the Naxalbari uprising and in 1969 he was one of the founding leaders of Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). Sanyal committed suicide on 23 March 2010.
The red corridor, also called the red zone, is the region in the eastern, central and the southern parts of India where the Naxalite–Maoist insurgency has the strongest presence. It has been steadily diminishing in terms of geographical coverage and number of violent incidents, and in 2021 it was confined to 25 "most affected" and 70 "total affected" districts across 10 states in two coal rich, remote, forested hilly clusters in and around Dandakaranya-Chhattisgarh-Odisha region and tri-junction area of Jharkhand-Bihar and-West Bengal.
Communism in India has existed as a social or political ideology as well as a political movement since at least as early as the 1920s. In its early years, communist ideology was harshly suppressed through legal prohibitions and criminal prosecutions. Eventually, communist parties became ensconced in national party politics, sprouting several political offshoots.
The Naxalite–Maoist insurgency is an ongoing conflict between Maoist groups known as Naxalites or Naxals and the Indian government. The influence zone of the Naxalites is called the red corridor, which has been steadily declining in terms of geographical coverage and number of violent incidents, and in 2021 it was confined to the 25 "most affected" locations, accounting for 85% of Left Wing Extremism (LWE) violence, and 70 "total affected" districts across 10 states in two coal-rich, remote, forested hilly clusters in and around the Dandakaranya-Chhattisgarh-Odisha region and the tri-junction area of Jharkhand-Bihar and-West Bengal. The Naxalites have frequently targeted police and government workers in what they say is a fight for improved land rights and more jobs for neglected agricultural labourers and the poor.
This is a timeline of the 1967–present Naxalite–Maoist insurgency in eastern India.
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War, usually called People's War Group (PWG), was an underground communist party in India. It merged with the Maoist Communist Centre of India to form the Communist Party of India (Maoist) in 2004. Muppala Lakshmana Rao ('Ganapathi') was the general secretary of the party. The ideology of the party was Marxism-Leninism-Maoism.
Operation Green Hunt is the name used by the Indian media to describe the "all-out offensive by paramilitary forces and the states forces" against the Naxalites. The operation is believed to have begun in November 2009 along five states in the "Red Corridor."
Cherukuri Rajkumar was the spokesperson and one of the seniormost members of the Central Politburo of the banned Maoist group Communist Party of India (Maoist). On 1 July 2010, he was killed by Andhra Pradesh Police in an encounter.
The Singareni Karmika Samakya is a militant trade union of coal miners in the Singareni coal fields. Sikasa is allegedly linked to the Communist Party of India (Maoist). Vishwanath is the secretary of Sikasa.
Secession in India typically refers to state secession, which is the withdrawal of one or more states from the Republic of India. Whereas, some have wanted a separate state, union territory or an autonomous administrative division within India. Many separatist movements exist with thousands of members, however, some have low local support and high voter participation in democratic elections. However, at the same time, demanding separate statehood within under the administration of Indian union from an existing state can lead to criminal charges under secession law in India. India is described as an ‘Union of States’ in Article 1 of the Indian constitution I.e "Indestructible nation of destructible states" by its father of constitution Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar where a state or Union territory of India can't secede from India by any means and the Central Government have more powers then the respective state governments and can forcefully change the name, boundaries of the states without their permission at any time when needed for self interest and for the maintenance of integrity.
The All India Revolutionary Students Federation (AIRSF) was a frontal organisation of the Communist Party of India (Maoist).
The Radical Students Union (RSU) was a frontal organization of the Communist Party of India (Maoist), a Naxalite group. Founded in 1974, it became defunct after 2005. In 2011 there were indications of plans to revive the organization.
Yalavarthi Naveen Babu, or simply Naveen, was a Naxalite leader in India.
Katakam Sudarshan, commonly known by his nom de guerre Anand, was an Indian politician who was a Politburo member of the Communist Party of India (Maoist), a banned Maoist insurgent communist party in India.
Kadari Satyanarayan Reddy, commonly known by his nom de guerre, Kosa, was a Central Committee member of the Communist Party of India (Maoist), a banned Maoist insurgent communist party in India.
Kota Srinivas Vyas was an Andhra Pradesh Cadre Indian Police Service officer of the 1974 batch. He is known for founding the Greyhounds police unit.
Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) was a communist party in India, one of the main splinter factions of the original Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist). COC, CPI(ML) occupied a middle position between the pro-Charu Majumdar group led by Mahadev Mukherjee and the anti-Majumdar group led by Satyanarayan Singh. Failing to articulate a common ideological position, COC, CPI(ML) soon suffered internal divisions and splits. Two of the splinter groups of COC, CPI(ML) in Andhra Pradesh are predecessors of the present-day Communist Party of India (Maoist).