The Radical Students Union (RSU) was a frontal organization of the Communist Party of India (Maoist), a Naxalite group. Founded in 1974, it became defunct after 2005. In 2011 there were indications of plans to revive the organization.
The RSU was formed on 12 October 1974 in Andhra Pradesh. Originally it was linked to the Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist). [1] [2] The first vice-president was C. V. Subbarao, who was arrested a few months after Emergency began in 1975, and remained in jail until 28 March 1977. [3] At first the organization was brutally suppressed, but after The Emergency was lifted in March 1977, it sprang back into life. [1] The second president of the union was Cherukuri Rajkumar, serving until 1984, who went on to become a senior Naxalite commander. [4] Mallojula Koteswara Rao alias Kishenji and Yalavarthi Naveen Babu were leaders of the RSU in Andhra Pradesh and Delhi. [5]
Issues addressed by the RSU included conditions in schools and welfare hostels, school reservations for the disadvantaged groups, opposition to the New Education Policy and "fake encounters". In its early years there was considerable debate in the Andhra Pradesh RSU over whether it should focus only on student issues or should become part of the New Democratic Revolution, helping to create the agrarian revolution. The second option was chosen.
The RSU started to decline in Andhra Pradesh in the mid-1990s. [5] The RSU and other Maoist organizations were banned in Andhra Pradesh, but in 2004 the state government lifted the ban to allow for peace talks. While talks were underway the People's War Group, a splinter group of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist), merged with the Maoist Communist Centre to form the Communist Party of India (Maoist). [6]
On 17 August 2005 a ban was re-imposed on the Communist Party of India and its frontal organizations including the RSU, the Radical Youth League and the All India Revolutionary Students Federation, after Congress Legislator C. Narsi Reddy was killed. [6] Bans were repeatedly reimposed, one year at a time. In August 2006 the ban was extended for a year. [7] In August 2009 the Andhra Pradesh government extended the ban for another year. [6] In August 2011 the ban was again extended for another year. [8] However, well before 2010 the organization was defunct. [5]
In November 2011 it was reported that the Maoists were planning to revive the RSU and other frontal groups in Andhra Pradesh, first in forest areas and later in the plains. Tribal students would be mobilized using the issues of corruption, poor school facilities, lack of teachers and lack of job opportunities. However, they would be starting again from scratch, and apparently the Maoist cadres were demoralized. [9]
The Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (CPI (ML)) was an Indian communist party formed by the All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries (AICCCR) at a congress in Calcutta in 1969. The foundation of the party was declared by Kanu Sanyal at a mass meeting in Calcutta on 22 April, Vladimir Lenin's birthday. Later the CPI(ML) party splintered into several Naxalite groups.
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Naxalbari was an underground Maoist political party in India. The party had its roots partially in the Maoist Unity Centre, CPI (ML) and partially in the group of Rauf in Andhra Pradesh.
The Communist Party of India (Maoist) is a banned Marxist–Leninist–Maoist communist political party and militant organization in India which aims to overthrow the "semi-colonial and semi-feudal Indian state" through protracted people's war. It was founded on 21 September 2004, through the merger of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War (People's War Group) and the Maoist Communist Centre of India (MCCI). The party has been designated as a terrorist organisation in India under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act since 2009.
Kanu Sanyal was an Indian communist politician. In 1967, he was one of the main leaders of the Naxalbari uprising and in 1969 he was one of the founding leaders of Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). Sanyal died by suicide on 23 March 2010.
Mamidi Appalasuri was an Indian communist leader. Appalasuri was one of the leaders of the tribal uprising in Srikakulam. When the Andhra Pradesh Committee of Communist Revolutionaries was expelled from the All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries in 1968, Appalasuri remained with the AICCCR led by Charu Majumdar. In 1969 Appalasuri was one of four Central Committee members of the new Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) from Andhra Pradesh.
Kondapalli Seetharamaiah was a senior communist leader and Maoist organizer in India.
Vempatapu Satyanarayana (Satyam) was a schoolteacher, member of several Indian Communist organizations, and a leader of the Srikakulam peasant uprising of 1967, along with Adibhatla Kailasam and Subbarao Panigrahi. They had started the "land to tiller" movement in Andhra Pradesh, which later spread to South Odisha.
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Patel Sudhakar Reddy, aliases Suryam, Damodar, and Venkatesh, was a leader of the central committee of the Communist Party of India (Maoist).
The Naxalite–Maoist insurgency is part of an ongoing conflict between Left-wing extremist groups and the Indian government. The insurgency started after the 1967 Naxalbari uprising and the subsequent split of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) leading to the creation of a Marxist–Leninist faction. The faction splintered into various groups supportive of Maoist ideology, claiming to fight a rural rebellion and people's war against the government.
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War, usually called People's War Group (PWG), was an underground communist party in India. It merged with the Maoist Communist Centre of India to form the Communist Party of India (Maoist) in 2004. Muppala Lakshmana Rao ('Ganapathi') was the general secretary of the party. The ideology of the party was Marxism-Leninism-Maoism.
The April 2010 Dantewada Maoist attack was an 6 April 2010 ambush by Naxalite-Maoist insurgents from the Communist Party of India (Maoist) near Chintalnar village in Dantewada district, Chhattisgarh, India, leading to the killing of 76 CRPF policemen and 8 Maoists — the deadliest attack by the Maoists on Indian security forces.
Cherukuri Rajkumar was an Indian politician who was the spokesperson and one of the seniormost members of the Central Politburo of the banned Maoist group Communist Party of India (Maoist). On 1 July 2010, he was killed by Andhra Pradesh Police in an encounter.
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The Radical Youth League (RYL) is a frontal organisation of the Communist Party of India (Maoist), a Naxalite group, mainly operating in Andhra Pradesh.
The All India Revolutionary Students Federation (AIRSF) was a frontal organisation of the Communist Party of India (Maoist).
Kota Srinivas Vyas was an Andhra Pradesh Cadre Indian Police Service officer of the 1974 batch. He is known for founding the Greyhounds police unit.
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Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) was a communist party in India, one of the main splinter factions of the original Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist). COC, CPI(ML) occupied a middle position between the pro-Charu Majumdar group led by Mahadev Mukherjee and the anti-Majumdar group led by Satyanarayan Singh. Failing to articulate a common ideological position, COC, CPI(ML) soon suffered internal divisions and splits. Two of the splinter groups of COC, CPI(ML) in Andhra Pradesh are predecessors of the present-day Communist Party of India (Maoist).
Nambala Keshava Rao, commonly known by his nom de guerre Basavraj or Gaganna, is an Indian Maoist politician and General Secretary of the Communist Party of India (Maoist), currently on NIA's list of most wanted absconders.