 | This article needs additional citations for verification .(June 2015) |
Maoist Communist Centre | |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1975 |
| Dissolved | 2004 |
| Merged into | Communist Party of India (Maoist) |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Far-left |
The Maoist Communist Centre (MCC) was one of the largest two armed Maoist groups in India, and fused with the other, the People's War Group in September 2004, to form the Communist Party of India (Maoist).
When the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) was founded in 1969, rallying various Maoist tendencies into a unified organisation, some groups retained a separate identity and remained outside of CPI(ML). One such group was nicknamed Dakshin Desh, after the name of its publication. The group had begun publishing Dakshin Desh in along Maoist lines. The group was joined by a sector of trade union activists. [1]
Dakshin Desh is Hindi for 'Southern Land' (implied in this naming was that India was the 'Southern land' whereas China was the corresponding 'Northern land'). Amulaya Sen and Kanai Chatterjee were the leading figures of the Dakshin Desh-group. In difference to CPI(ML), whose policies of armed struggle bordered individual terrorism, the Dakshin Desh-group upheld that mass mobilisations were requisites for engaging in armed struggle. The group began armed activities in the Jangal Mahal area, Burdwan district, West Bengal, where Dalits and Adivasis constituted large sections of the local population. The territory was covered with deep forests, considered ideal for guerrilla warfare. The group formed political militia squads, which moved around in the villages and conducted political activities to mobilise local peasants. The squads were often made up by recruits from Calcutta. The squads looted grain storages, captured firearms and assassinated landlords and perceived police informers. By 1973 it was estimated that the group had 37 squads in the area, with a combined membership of 106. [2]
In 1975 the group took the name Maoist Communist Centre. However, in spite of several years of political and armed activities, the group failed to make a breakthrough in the Jangal Mahal area. In 1976 it decided to expand its activities to other parts of the country. Soon it began activities in eastern Bihar, and for this purpose an apex Bengal-Bihar Special Area Committee was set up by the MCC. [3]
Chatterji died in 1982. Following his death, MCC was riddled by internal divisions. Chatterji's successor, Siveji, and his deputy, Ramadhar Singh, disagreed over the policy of individual annihilations. Singh broke away and joined Kanu Sanyal's group instead. In the mid- and late 1980, leadership of MCC was taken over by Sanjay Dusadh and Pramod Mishra. At this point, the influence of the group had spread to the central parts of Bihar. The group now counted with 500 wholetime cadres and 10 000 members. Mass organisations of MCC included Krantikari Kisan Committee (Revolutionary Peasants Committee), Jana Suraksha Sangarsh Manch (People's Defence Struggle Bloc), Krantikarai Buddhijevi Sangh and Krantikari Chhatra League (Revolutionary Students League). The armed wing of the party was called Lal Raskha Dal (Red Defence Force). [4]
In rural Bihar the party had become a major force to reckon with in some areas under leadership of Sushil Roy alias Som. In the pockets of its influence the party ran a parallel juridical system, with a system of people's courts. The expansion of the party occurred as it became one of several caste-based armed groups in the area. The party mobilised lower-caste Biharis, and frequently clashed with various militia groups defending upper-caste interests. At times it also clashed with other Naxalite groups, such as when MCC militia killed 5 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Liberation members in Jehanabad district on 4 April 1994. Militia activities of MCC reached its peak by 1990. [5]
In September 1993, MCC, Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) People's War and Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Party Unity decided to coordinate their struggles. As a result, the All India People's Resistance Forum was formed, with the participation of cadres from the three parties. AIPRF held a mass rally, with around 100 000 participants, on 21 March 1994. [6]
In January 2003 the MCC and the Punjab-based Revolutionary Communist Centre of India (Maoist) led by Shamsher Singh Sheri merged. The unified organisation was renamed Maoist Communist Centre of India. On 19 May 2003 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) Second Central Committee merged with MCCI led by Prashant Bose. CPI(ML) 2nd CC had to withdraw its pro-Lin Biao stand for the merger to go through. [7]
The Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) (CPI (ML)) was an Indian communist party formed by the All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries (AICCCR) at a congress in Calcutta in 1969. The foundation of the party was declared by Kanu Sanyal at a mass meeting in Calcutta on 22 April, Vladimir Lenin's birthday. Later the CPI(ML) party splintered into several Naxalite groups.
Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) is an anti-revisionist Marxist–Leninist communist party in India. After the death of Charu Majumdar in 1972 the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) pro Charu Majumdar central committee was led by Mahadev Mukherjee and Jagjit Singh Sohal, and the Central Committee took a stand to defend the line of Charu Majumdar on 5–6 December 1972.
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Naxalbari was an underground Maoist political party in India. The party had its roots partially in the Maoist Unity Centre, CPI (ML) and partially in the group of Rauf in Andhra Pradesh.
The Provisional Central Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) was a communist political party in India. The general secretary of the party was Santosh Rana. The party is often referred to as CPI(ML) [Santosh Rana Group] or likewise.
The Communist Party of India (Maoist) is a banned Marxist–Leninist–Maoist communist political party and militant organization in India which aims to overthrow the "semi-colonial and semi-feudal Indian state" through protracted people's war. It was founded on 21 September 2004, through the merger of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War (People's War Group) and the Maoist Communist Centre of India (MCCI). The party has been designated as a terrorist organisation in India under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act since 2009.
Communist Organisation of India (Marxist–Leninist) was a political organisation in India. COI (ML) was formed in May 1985 through the merger of six different groups;
Mamidi Appalasuri was an Indian communist leader. Appalasuri was one of the leaders of the tribal uprising in Srikakulam. When the Andhra Pradesh Committee of Communist Revolutionaries was expelled from the All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries in 1968, Appalasuri remained with the AICCCR led by Charu Majumdar. In 1969 Appalasuri was one of four Central Committee members of the new Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) from Andhra Pradesh.
Kondapalli Seetharamaiah was a senior communist leader and Maoist organizer in India.
The Naxalite–Maoist insurgency is an ongoing conflict between Maoist groups known as Naxalites or Naxals and the Indian government. The influence zone of the Naxalites is called the red corridor, which has been steadily declining in terms of geographical coverage and number of violent incidents, and in 2021 it was confined to the 25 "most affected" locations, accounting for 85% of Left Wing Extremism (LWE) violence, and 70 "total affected" districts across 10 states in two coal-rich, remote, forested hilly clusters in and around the Dandakaranya-Chhattisgarh-Odisha region and the tri-junction area of Jharkhand, Bihar, and West Bengal. The Naxalites have frequently targeted police and government workers in what they say is a fight for improved land rights and more jobs for neglected agricultural labourers and the poor.
Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) People's War, usually called People's War Group (PWG), was an underground communist party in India. It merged with the Maoist Communist Centre of India to form the Communist Party of India (Maoist) in 2004. Muppala Lakshmana Rao ('Ganapathi') was the general secretary of the party. The ideology of the party was Marxism-Leninism-Maoism.
The Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Party Unity, more commonly known as CPI(ML) Party Unity or simply 'Party Unity', was a communist party in India 1982-1998. Narayan Sanyal alias Naveen Prasad was the general secretary of the party. Party Unity was the official organ of the party. CPI(ML) Party Unity was one of the predecessors of the Communist Party of India (Maoist).
Santosh Rana was an Indian politician. In the 1960s, he was a prominent figure in the armed struggle of the Naxalites led by Charu Majumdar. Rana received Ananda Puraskar for his book Rajnitir Ek Jibon in 2018.
Satyanarayan Singh was an Indian communist politician. Singh was one of the early leaders of the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist), being its secretary in Bihar.
Sushital Ray Chowdhary was an Indian Communist intellectual and founder member of Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). He was the editor of the organs of the CPI, CPI(M) and CPI(ML). He eventually fell out with the mainstream Charu Majumdar group and died of a heart attack in March, 1971.
Lal Sena was an organised armed militia of CPIML Liberation in northeastern India, across the terrains of central Bihar, north-west of today's Jharkhand, and a few districts of eastern Uttar Pradesh. It was formed mainly by lower caste peasantry and landless labourers.
Naxalbari uprising was an armed peasant revolt in 1967 in the Naxalbari block of Siliguri subdivision in Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India. It was mainly led by tribals and the radical communist leaders of Bengal and further developed into the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) in 1969. The armed struggle became an inspiration to the Naxalite movement which rapidly spread from West Bengal to other states of India creating division within the Communist Party of India (Marxist) - India's primary communist party.
Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) was a communist party in India, one of the main splinter factions of the original Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist). COC, CPI(ML) occupied a middle position between the pro-Charu Majumdar group led by Mahadev Mukherjee and the anti-Majumdar group led by Satyanarayan Singh. Failing to articulate a common ideological position, COC, CPI(ML) soon suffered internal divisions and splits. Two of the splinter groups of COC, CPI(ML) in Andhra Pradesh are predecessors of the present-day Communist Party of India (Maoist).
Narayan Sanyal commonly known as Bijoy da and Naveen Prasad was a Maoist ideologue and a Politburo member of the Communist Party of India (Maoist). He was one of the earliest comrade of Naxal leader Charu Majumdar and member of undivided Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist). It is claimed that at the time of arrest Narayan Sanyal was next only to CPI (Maoist) the then general secretary Muppala Lakshmana Rao alias Ganapathy.
Purnendu Sekhar Mukherjee or Jhantu Mukherjee commonly known by his alias Sahab Da was an Indian Maoist politician and Central Committee member of Communist Party of India (Maoist).
The Communist Party of India is a political party in India, and is the first communist party in the country.