Paul Nicolai Hartmann was a Baltic German philosopher. He is regarded as a key representative of critical realism and as one of the most important twentieth-century metaphysicians.
World War II saw the cultivation of underground education in Poland. Secretly conducted education prepared scholars and workers for the postwar reconstruction of Poland and countered German and Soviet threats to eradicate Polish culture.
Ashes and Diamonds is a 1958 Polish drama film directed by Andrzej Wajda, based on the 1948 novel by Polish writer Jerzy Andrzejewski. Starring Zbigniew Cybulski and Ewa Krzyżewska, it completed Wajda's war films trilogy, following A Generation (1954) and Kanal (1956). The action of Ashes and Diamonds takes place in 1945, shortly after World War II. The main protagonist of the film, former Home Army soldier Maciek Chełmicki, is acting in the anti-Communist underground. Maciek receives an order to kill Szczuka, the local secretary of the Polish Workers' Party. Over time, Chełmicki increasingly doubts if his task is worth doing.
Sonorism is an approach to musical composition associated with a number of notable Polish composers. The scholar Józef Michał Chomiński coined the term "sonoristics" to describe the urge to explore purely sonic phenomena in composition, and from this term derived "sonorism" to describe an avant-garde style in Polish music of the 1960s that focused on timbre. As a movement, sonorism was initiated in the 1950s in the avant-garde of Polish music. Music that emphasises sonorism as a compositional approach tends to focus on specific characteristics and qualities of timbre, texture, articulation, dynamics, and motion in an attempt to create freer form. The style is primarily associated with an experimental musical movement which arose in Poland in the mid-1950s and flourished through the 1960s.
Zuzanna Ginczanka, pen name of Zuzanna Polina Gincburg was a Polish-Jewish poet of the interwar period. Although she published only a single collection of poetry in her lifetime, the book O centaurach created a sensation in Poland's literary circles. She was arrested and executed in Kraków shortly before the end of World War II.
Innocent Sorcerers is a 1960 Polish psychological drama film directed by Andrzej Wajda, and starring Tadeusz Łomnicki and Krystyna Stypułkowska. Its plot follows a young doctor and jazz drummer meeting a mysterious girl, who all but forces herself into his apartment where they talk of morals and love.
Adam Redzik is a Polish lawyer and historian, a professor at the Warsaw University. He specializes in the history of law and science.
Andrzej Grzegorczyk was a Polish logician, mathematician, philosopher, and ethicist noted for his work in computability, mathematical logic, and the foundations of mathematics.
Jerzy Bińczycki was a Polish stage and film actor. He appeared in 50 films between 1962 and 1998. He starred in the 1975 film Nights and Days, which was entered into the 26th Berlin International Film Festival.
The Kraków-Podgórze Detention Centre is a correctional facility located at ul. Stefana Czarnieckiego 3 in Kraków, Poland, in the municipal district of Podgórze. Originally, it was a turn-of-the-century county court and revenue service, built in 1905, from design by Ferdynand Liebling. At present, it is a community branch of Detention Centre Kraków, with main building located at ul. Montelupich 7 street. The Kraków-Podgórze Detention Centre specializes in drug-and-alcohol-addiction therapy and serves also as a temporary arrest facility. It was created in 1971 as a prison for men with the holding capacity of 207. It was made into a detention facility in 1990. There's a medical clinic and a dentist on-site. Prisoners who completed the recovery program work with mentally and physically disabled clients.
The Debt is a 1999 Polish film directed by Krzysztof Krauze. It is based on a true event that took place in Warsaw, Poland in the early 1990s.
Jewish Motifs International Film Festival is a major Jewish-themed film festival held annually in Warsaw, Poland. The festival has been held every year since 2004.
The Polish Film Academy is a professional honorary organization dedicated to the advancement of the arts and sciences of motion pictures.
Łukasz Sułkowski is a Polish professor of economic sciences, specializing in management sciences. Currently employed in the Institute of Public Affairs of the Jagiellonian University, vice-president for international affairs of the Polish Accreditation Committee and Director of Clark University Branch Campus at University of Social Sciences in Poland. He is also the President of PCG Polska.
Agnieszka Taborska is a Polish writer, art historian, specialist in Surrealism, translator, and educator.
Tadeusz Lubelski is a Polish film historian, theorist and critic specializing in Polish and French cinema, translator, professor of the humanities, member of the European Film Academy.
Stanisław Marian Waltoś is a Polish legal scholar and academic specializing in criminal law and legal history, professor of legal sciences, member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Learning, professor of the Jagiellonian University, who was Head of the Department of Criminal Proceedings at the Faculty of Law of the Jagiellonian University from 1974, as well as the director of the Jagiellonian University Museum between 1977 and 2011.
ZKS Stal Rzeszów is a multi-sports club, currently best known for its association football and motorcycle speedway sections, although with huge successes in diving and wrestling.
The cinema of moral anxiety, Polish: Kino moralnego niepokoju, was a short-lived (1976-1981) but influential movement in the history of the cinema of Poland. The term was also translated as "cinema of moral unrest", "cinema of moral concern", "cinema of moral dissent". Films of this movement portrayed the crisis of the regime in Communist Poland, usually in the setting of a provincial town. The development of the movement was abruptly stopped by the introduction of the martial law in Poland in 1981, and when it was lifted, the country was overwhelmed with powerful political and social processes which had eventually led to the fall of Communism in the country and disappearance of the addressed social issues.
The Getaway King is a Polish-language action comedy film directed by Mateusz Rakowicz, and written by Rakowicz and Łukasz M. Maciejewski. The film had premiered on 18 August 2021 on the New Horizons Film Festival in Wrocław, Poland, and later in cinemas on 16 September 2021. The film was based on life of Zdzisław Najmrodzki, a criminal and thief that was active in Polish People's Republic in the 1980s, that was notable for escaping from the prison and the authorities 29 times.
