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Sati was a historical practice in Hindu communities in which a widow sacrifices herself by sitting atop her deceased husband's funeral pyre. Although it is debated whether it received scriptural mention in early Hinduism, it has been linked to related Hindu practices in regions of India. Greek sources from around 300 BCE make isolated mention of sati, but it probably developed into a real fire sacrifice in the medieval era within the northwestern Rajput clans to which it initially remained limited, to become more widespread during the late medieval era.
Jauhar, sometimes spelled Jowhar or Juhar, was a Hindu Rajput practice of mass self-immolation by females, both adults and children, in the Indian subcontinent to avoid capture, enslavement and rape by Islamic invaders when facing certain defeat during a war. Some reports of jauhar mention women committing self-immolation along with their children. This practice was historically observed in the northwest regions of India, with most famous jauhars in recorded history occurring during wars between Hindu Rajput kingdoms in Rajasthan and the opposing Muslim armies. Jauhar was only performed during war, usually when there was no chance of victory. The term jauhar often connotes jauhar-immolation. Jauhar involved Hindu Rajput women committing suicide with their children and valuables in a massive fire, in order to avoid capture and abuse in the face of inescapable military defeat. At the same time or shortly thereafter, the men would ritualistically march to the battlefield expecting certain death, which in the regional tradition is called saka. This practice was intended to show that those committing it valued their honor more highly than their lives.
The Marwari or Marwadi are an Indian ethnic group that originate from the Marwar region of Rajasthan, India. Their language, also called Marwari, comes under the umbrella of Rajasthani languages, which is part of the Western Zone of Indo-Aryan languages.
The Birla Mandirs refer to different Hindu temples or Mandirs built by the Birla family in different cities across India. All these temples are magnificently built, some in white marble or sandstone. The temples are generally located in a prominent location, carefully designed to accommodate a large number of visitors. The worship and discourses are well organized. The first one was built in 1939 in Delhi collectively by Jugal Kishore Birla and his brothers and their father. Later temples were built by and managed by different branches of the family. For both of the temples in Varanasi, the Birlas joined other donors to support the cost.
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Rashmoni Das, popularly known as LokamataRani Rashmoni, also spelled as Rani Rasmani,, was an Indian businesswoman, entrepreneur, Zamindar, philanthropist and the founder of the Dakshineswar Kali Temple in Kolkata. She remained closely associated with Sri Ramakrishna Paramhansa after she appointed him as the priest of the Dakshineswar temple. She was also one of the earliest social reformers in early nineteenth-century Bengal and was one of the forerunners of the Bengal Renaissance. Besides, she also led many of the resistances against the encroaching British administration and their presence in all walks of colonial society in the Bengal province. Her other construction works include the construction of a road from Subarnarekha River to Puri for the pilgrims, Babughat, Ahiritola Ghat and Nimtala ghat for the everyday bathers at the Ganges. She also offered considerable charity to the Imperial Library, and the Hindu College.
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Tripura Sundari Temple is a Hindu temple of the Goddess Tripura Sundari, better known locally as Devi Tripureshwari. The temple is situated in the ancient city of Udaipur, about 55 km from Agartala, Tripura and can be reached by train and road from Agartala. It is believed to be one of the holiest Hindu shrines in this part of the country and witnesses the highest number of visitors for a temple in North-East India, after Kamakhya Temple in Assam. The state of Tripura is named after this temple. Popularly known as Matabari, the shrine is set upon a small hillock that resembles the hump of a tortoise (Kurma). This shape called Kurmapṛṣṭhākṛti is considered the holiest possible site for a Shakti temple, hence also bestowing the name of Kurma Pīṭha. The Goddess is served by traditional Brahmin priests.
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Bagar, or Baggar, is a town and municipal council in the Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan, a northwestern state in India. Known for its heritage havelis, it is located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from Jhunjhunu city on NH 8 towards Chirawa-Loharu.
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Rani Bhatiyani sa is a Hindu goddess, worshipped in Western Rajasthan, India, the region Kashmir, and Sindh, Pakistan. Her major temples are in Jasol, Barmer District and JOGIDAS Jaisalmer, where she is called Bhuwasa. She is especially venerated by the Merasi Manganiyar community of bards. The women of the Dholi (singer) community sing the Ghoomar songs, in her honour, where she is praised as the princess of Jaisalmer. The goddess is said to have given her first vision to a dholi. The goddess is also called Majisa (Mother) and songs are sung in her honour by bards.
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Ashapura Mata is an aspect of Devi, a Hindu goddess. She is one of the kuladevis of Kutch and Rajasthan, and the Jadeja clan of gujarat and Chauhans inhabiting the western indian provinces. She is a goddess regarded to fulfill the wishes of her adherents.
Maheshwari, also spelled Maheshvari, is a Hindu caste of India, originally from what is now the state of Rajasthan. Their traditional occupation is that of commerce and as such they form part of the wider Bania occupation-based community that also includes castes such as the Khandelwals, Oswals and Agrawals, Gahois.
Rani Sati Temple is a temple located in Jhunjhunu, Jhunjhunu district, in the state of Rajasthan, India. It is the largest temple in India devoted to Rani Sati, a Rajasthani lady who lived sometime between the 13th and the 17th century and committed sati (self-immolation) on her husband's death. Various temples in Rajasthan and elsewhere are devoted to her worship and to commemorate her act. Rani Sati is also called Narayani Devi and referred to as Dadiji (grandmother).
Jhunjhunwala is an Indian toponymic Marwari surname from Jhunjhunu in Rajasthan, India. They belong to Marwari community hailing from Rajasthan. Jhunjhunwalas follow Marwari traditions and are pure vegetarian community. Dialect that can be commonly heard by people belonging to this town is Marwari.They are the worshippers of deity Rani Sati in Jhunjhunu in Rajasthan.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hardgrove, Anne (August 1999). "Sati worship and Marwari public identity in India". The Journal of Asian Studies. 58 (3): 723–752. doi: 10.2307/2659117 . JSTOR 2659117. S2CID 162498846.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Sen, Mala (2002). Death by Fire: Sati, Dowry Death, and [https://chalisaspdf.com/rani-sati-dadi-ki-chalisa/ Female Infanticide in] Modern India. Rutgers University Press. pp. 42–51. ISBN 9780813531021.
{{cite book}}: External link in|title= - 1 2 3 Courtright, Paul B (1994). "The iconographies of Sati". In Hawley, John Stratton (ed.). Sati, the Blessing and the Curse: The Burning of Wives in India. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195360226.
- ↑ Narasimhan, Sakuntala (1992). Sati - Widow Burning in India. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 7. ISBN 9780385423175.
- 1 2 3 Weinberger-Thomas, Catherine (1999). Ashes of Immortality: Widow-Burning in India. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226885698.
- ↑ Vaid, Sudesh; Sangari, Kumkum (27 April 1991). "Institutions, Beliefs, Ideologies: Widow immolation in contemporary Rajasthan". Economic and Political Weekly: 2–18.
- 1 2 Brown, Lindsay; Thomas, Amelia (2008). Rajasthan, Delhi & Agra. Lonely Planet. ISBN 9781741046908.
- ↑ Rajeswari, Sunder Rajan (2004). Real and Imagined Women: Gender, Culture and Postcolonialism. Routledge. p. 25. ISBN 9780203359662.