Felipe Santiago Carrillo Puerto was a Mexican journalist, politician and revolutionary who served as the governor of Yucatán from 1922 until his assassination in 1924. He became known for his efforts at reconciliation between the Yucatec Maya and the Mexican government after the Caste War.
Tixkokob Municipality is a municipality in the Mexican state of Yucatán. Its municipal seat is located in the City of Tixkokob. The town of Tixkokob is famous within the area for high quality hammock weaving. The municipality made up largely of working class communities.
Elvia Carrillo Puerto was a Mexican socialist politician and feminist activist. Carrillo had been married by the age of 13 and widowed by 21. She founded some of Mexico's first feminist organizations, including the League of Rita Cetina Gutiérrez in 1919. In 1923, Carrillo became Mexico's first woman state deputy when she was elected to the Congress of Yucatán. Due to Carrillo's contributions to Mexican government and history, she was officially honored as a "Veteran of the Revolution". Carrillo's tireless dedication to the revolution and women's movement earned her the nickname "The Red Nun".
Hermila Galindo Acosta was a Mexican feminist and a writer. She was an early supporter of many radical feminist issues, primarily sex education in schools, women's suffrage, and divorce. She was one of the first feminists to state that Catholicism in Mexico was thwarting feminist efforts, and was the first woman to run for elected office in Mexico.
Beltrán de Cetina y del Castillo was one of the original conquistadors and founders of Mérida in the modern Mexican state of Yucatán. His siblings included: Renaissance poet Gutierre de Cetina; Ana Andrea del Castillo, self-described conquistadora and wife of Francisco de Montejo the Younger; and Gregorio de Cetina, also a conqueror of Yucatán.
Espita is a town in Espita Municipality, Yucatán (Mexico) located on the Litoral Oriente or Region I of Yucatan. It has an average height of 27 meters and is located at a distance of 165 km from the Merida City, 80 km from Izamal, 58 km from Chichen Itza, 49 km from Valladolid, 35 km from Ekʼ Balam and 27 km from Tizimín.
Feminism in Mexico is the philosophy and activity aimed at creating, defining, and protecting political, economic, cultural, and social equality in women's rights and opportunities for Mexican women. Rooted in liberal thought, the term feminism came into use in late nineteenth-century Mexico and in common parlance among elites in the early twentieth century. The history of feminism in Mexico can be divided chronologically into a number of periods with issues. For the conquest and colonial eras, some figures have been re-evaluated in the modern era and can be considered part of the history of feminism in Mexico. At the time of independence in the early nineteenth century, there were demands that women be defined as citizens. The late nineteenth century saw the explicit development of feminism as an ideology. Liberalism advocated secular education for both girls and boys as part of a modernizing project, and women entered the workforce as teachers. Those women were at the forefront of feminism, forming groups that critiqued existing treatment of women in the realms of legal status, access to education, and economic and political power. More scholarly attention is focused on the Revolutionary period (1915–1925), although women's citizenship and legal equality were not explicitly issues for which the revolution was fought. The Second Wave and the post-1990 period have also received considerable scholarly attention. Feminism has advocated for the equality of men and women, but middle-class women took the lead in the formation of feminist groups, the founding of journals to disseminate feminist thought, and other forms of activism. Working-class women in the modern era could advocate within their unions or political parties. The participants in the Mexico 68 clashes who went on to form that generation's feminist movement were predominantly students and educators. The advisers who established themselves within the unions after the 1985 earthquakes were educated women who understood the legal and political aspects of organized labor. What they realized was that to form a sustained movement and attract working-class women to what was a largely middle-class movement, they needed to utilize workers' expertise and knowledge of their jobs to meld a practical, working system. In the 1990s, women's rights in indigenous communities became an issue, particularly in the Zapatista uprising in Chiapas. Reproductive rights remain an ongoing issue, particularly since 1991, when the Catholic Church in Mexico was no longer constitutionally restricted from being involved in politics.
Elena Torres Cuéllar was a leading Mexican revolutionary, feminist, progressive educator and writer. A member of the communist party, in 1917 she was the only woman to participate on behalf of the Liga Central de Resistencia at the first meeting of the Yucatán Socialist Party in Mérida. In 1919, she founded the Mexican Feminist Council campaigning for better social and economic conditions for women as well as the right to vote. She devoted considerable efforts to improving education in Mexico, especially by facilitating the training of primary school teachers in rural areas.
Rita Cetina Gutiérrez was a 19th-century Mexican educator, writer, and feminist who promoted women's education in Mérida, Yucatán. She helped found a literary society, a periodical, and a school with Gertrudis Tenorio Zavala and Cristina Farfán. All three were called La Siempreviva. Cetina both taught at and served as director of the La Siempreviva school.
María Rosa Torre González was born in the state of Yucatán, Mexico. She was the first woman in Mexico to hold an elected office.
Beatriz Peniche Barrera was a writer, teacher and Mexican feminist. She was a leader of the Socialist Party of the Southeast and one of the first three women elected to a legislative body in Mexico. She collaborated with writers and poets from Mexico and Cuba, publishing numerous works.
Consuelo Zavala Castillo (1874-1956) was a Mexican feminist, teacher, and founder of one of the first secular private schools in Mérida, Mexico. She is credited with establishing the first kindergarten to utilize the Froebel method in Mérida. She was the organizer of the First Feminist Congress in Mexico, authorized by state governor Salvador Alvarado.
Leonarda Gómez Blanco was a Mexican teacher and early member of the Socialist Party of the Southeast. Served as the head of the Cultural Missions Program and Director of Education in both Campeche and Tlaxcala.
Félix Ramos y Duarte (1848–1924) was a Cuban educator and writer, who was exiled from Cuba in 1868. He moved to Yucatán, Mexico and later lived in Veracruz and Mexico City. He compiled the first dictionary of terms that were specifically "Mexican Spanish". Ramos returned to Cuba after it gained independence from Spain. He taught briefly and then served as President of the Teacher Examination Board. He published many textbooks and educational articles.
Antonia Jiménez Trava was a Mexican attorney. She was the first female law graduate from UADY, and the first woman appointed to public office in Yucatán. She served as the first Director of the Civil Registry, the first President of the Electoral Institute of the State, and the first President of the Judiciary. She was a feminist, writing her dissertation on the legality of denying women the vote and when appointed to run the Civil Registry, she eliminated discriminatory texts from the marriage ceremony.
Hacienda Chenkú is a hacienda in Mérida Municipality, Yucatán, Mexico. It is one of the properties that arose during the nineteenth century henequen boom. One of the first records of its ownership was to a Captain José Ignacio Rivas Chacón in 1788. The American archaeologist Sylvanus Morley occupied the home in the 1940s.
Motul Municipality is a municipality in the Mexican state of Yucatán. It contains 297.63 km2 (114.92 sq mi) of land and is roughly 45 km (28 mi) east of the city of Mérida.
Cristina Farfán was an educator and writer who promoted women's education and was involved in the emergence of the first wave feminist movement in Mexico. She was one of the founders of women's literary journalism in Mexico.
The First Feminist Congress of Yucatán was a gathering of Mexican feminists that happened in 1916. The delegates gathered at the José Peón Contreras Theater in Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico from January 13 to 16. It was held under the auspices of the Yucatecan government. The Mexican government and historians largely consider it the first of its kind in the country. It was the second to be held in all of Latin America and the Caribbean, the first held in Argentina in 1910.
La Siempreviva was a Mexican literary society founded in 1870 by Rita Cetina Gutiérrez, Gertrudis Tenorio Zavala, and Cristina Farfán in Mérida, Yucatán. Named for the liveforever plant, the society aimed to promote fine arts, charity, and education for women in the state. As part of its mission, La Siempreviva founded a periodical and school, both of which were also called La Siempreviva.
