Politics in Georgia involve a parliamentary representative democratic republic with a multi-party system. The President of Georgia is the ceremonial head of state and the Prime Minister of Georgia is the head of government. The Prime Minister and the Government wield executive power. Legislative power is vested in both the Government and the unicameral Parliament of Georgia.
The politics of Mexico function within a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic whose government is based on a multi-party congressional system, where the President of Mexico is both head of state and head of government. The federal government represents the United Mexican States and is divided into three branches: executive, legislative and judicial, as established by the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States, published in 1917. The constituent states of the federation must also have a republican form of government based on a congressional system as established by their respective constitutions.
Politics in the Philippines are governed by a three-branch system of government. The country is a democracy, with a president who is directly elected by the people and serves as both the head of state and the head of government. The president serves as the leader of the executive branch and is a powerful political figure. A president may only hold office for one six-year term. The bicameral Congress consists of two separate bodies: the Senate, with members elected at-large across the country, and the larger House of Representatives, with members chosen mostly from specific geographic districts. The Congress performs legislative functions. The judiciary is overseen by the Supreme Court of the Philippines and has extensive review jurisdiction over judgments issued by other governmental and administrative institutions.
The politics of Thailand are conducted within the framework of a constitutional monarchy, whereby the prime minister is the head of government and a hereditary monarch is head of state. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislative branches.
Politics of Bangladesh takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Bangladesh is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and parliament. The Constitution of Bangladesh was written in 1972, and has undergone seventeen amendments.
The Bangladesh Awami League, simply known as Awami League, is one of the major political parties in Bangladesh. The oldest existing political party in the country, the party played a large role in achieving Bangladeshi independence both before and after the Bangladesh Liberation War. It is also one of the two most dominant parties in the country, along with its archrival Bangladesh Nationalist Party. Throughout its tenure as the ruling party from January 6, 2009 to August 5, 2024, it has been consistently described as authoritarian and dictatorial.
A dominant-party system, or one-party dominant system, is a political occurrence in which a single political party continuously dominates election results over running opposition groups or parties. Any ruling party staying in power for more than one consecutive term may be considered a dominant party. Some dominant parties were called the natural governing party, given their length of time in power.
Reformasi is a political movement in Malaysia. It was initiated in September 1998 by Anwar Ibrahim, former Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia, after he was sacked from his position by Malaysia's then-Prime Minister, Mahathir Mohamad. The movement, which began while the country hosted the Commonwealth Games, initially demanded the resignation of Malaysia's then-Prime Minister, Mahathir Mohamad, and for the end of the Barisan Nasional-led (BN) government. It later became a reformist movement demanding social equality and social justice in Malaysia. The movement consisted of civil disobedience, demonstrations, sit-ins, rioting, occupations and online activism.
The 1990 People's Movement was a multiparty movement in Nepal that brought an end to absolute monarchy and the beginning of constitutional monarchy. It also eliminated the Panchayat system.
Human rights in Bangladesh are enshrined as fundamental rights in Part III of the Constitution of Bangladesh. However, constitutional and legal experts believe many of the country's laws require reform to enforce fundamental rights and reflect democratic values of the 21st century.
Guided democracy, also called directed democracy and managed democracy, is a formally democratic government that functions as a de facto authoritarian government or, in some cases, as an autocratic government. Such hybrid regimes are legitimized by elections, but do not change the state's policies, motives, and goals.
The history of Bangladesh (1971–present) refers to the period after the independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan.
Criticism of monarchy has occurred since ancient times. It can be targeted against the general form of government—monarchy—or more specifically, to particular monarchical governments as controlled by hereditary royal families. In some cases, this criticism can be curtailed by legal restrictions and be considered criminal speech, as in lèse-majesté.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to politics and political science:
Islami Andolan Bangladesh, abbreviated as IAB, is a major Deobandi Islamist political party in Bangladesh. It was founded in 1987 by Fazlul Karim as Islami Shashontantra Andolan, and took its current name in 2008.
The Bangladesh protests of 2022–24 was a series of protests against the government of Sheikh Hasina between 2022 and 2024. Anti-government protests broke out in Bangladesh on 10 December 2022. The protests were initiated by the Bangladeshi opposition, which vowed to continue protests despite autocratic crackdown. The protests remained low-level, with some vandalisation occurring in November and December 2023. Later in July 2024, it accelerated to the quota reform movement and finally the non-cooperation movement, leading to Hasina fleeing the country after resigning.
Ganatantra Manch is a political alliance consisting of six political parties in Bangladesh. The parties are: JSD, Nagrik Oikya, Revolutionary Workers Party, Bhasani Anusari Parishad, Rastro Songskar Andolon and Ganosamhati Andolan. The Gono Odhikar Parishad was initially with the alliance, but in May 2023 they pulled out of the alliance. Among them, except JSD and Revolutionary Workers Party, other parties are not registered with the Election Commission.
Ganosanhati Andolan is a progressive political party in Bangladesh. The party was launched on 29 August 2002, with a call for "people to build their own political power". Its slogan is 'change is possible, change is wanted'. Bangladesh Election Commission registered this party as a political party on 17 September 2024.
The Constitutional Reform Commission of Bangladesh is a commission established by the Bangladesh interim government in 2024 with a purpose to prepare a report on the reasons behind past constitutional failures and to create a roadmap for convening a constituent assembly to draft and adopt a new, inclusive, democratic constitution, ensuring the inviolability of human dignity.
