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Antisocial personality disorder,sometimes referred to as dissocial personality disorder,is a personality disorder characterized by a limited capacity for empathy and a long-term pattern of disregard for or violation of the rights of others,starting before one was 15 years old. Other notable symptoms include impulsivity,reckless behavior,a lack of remorse after hurting others,deceitfulness,irresponsibility,and aggressive behavior.
Hypersexuality is a mental disorder that causes unwanted or excessive sexual arousal,causing people to engage in or think about sexual activity to a point of distress or impairment. It is controversial whether it should be included as a clinical diagnosis used by mental healthcare professionals. Nymphomania and satyromania were terms previously used for the condition in women and men,respectively.
Juvenile delinquency,also known as juvenile offending,is the act of participating in unlawful behavior as a minor or individual younger than the statutory age of majority. These acts would otherwise be considered crimes if the individuals committing them were older. The term delinquent usually refers to juvenile delinquency,and is also generalised to refer to a young person who behaves an unacceptable way.
Penile plethysmography (PPG) or phallometry is a measurement of blood flow to the penis,typically used as a proxy for measurement of sexual arousal. The most commonly reported methods of conducting penile plethysmography involves the measurement of the circumference of the penis with a mercury-in-rubber or electromechanical strain gauge,or the volume of the penis with an airtight cylinder and inflatable cuff at the base of the penis. Corpora cavernosa nerve penile plethysmographs measure changes in response to inter-operative electric stimulation during surgery. The volumetric procedure was invented by Kurt Freund and is considered to be particularly sensitive at low arousal levels. The easier to use circumferential measures are more widely used,however,and more common in studies using erotic film stimuli. A corresponding device in women is the vaginal photoplethysmograph.
Chemical castration is castration via anaphrodisiac drugs,whether to reduce libido and sexual activity,to treat cancer,or otherwise. Unlike surgical castration,where the gonads are removed through an incision in the body,chemical castration does not remove organs and is not a form of sterilization.
Criminal psychology, also referred to as criminological psychology,is the study of the views,thoughts,intentions,actions and reactions of criminals and suspects. It is a subfield of criminology and applied psychology.
A sex offender is a person who has committed a sex crime. What constitutes a sex crime differs by culture and legal jurisdiction. The majority of convicted sex offenders have convictions for crimes of a sexual nature;however,some sex offenders have simply violated a law contained in a sexual category. Some of the serious crimes which result in a mandatory sex-offender classification are sexual assault,statutory rape,bestiality,child sexual abuse,incest,and rape.
Pedophilia is a psychiatric disorder in which an adult or older adolescent experiences a primary or exclusive sexual attraction to prepubescent children. Although girls typically begin the process of puberty at age 10 or 11,and boys at age 11 or 12,psychiatric diagnostic criteria for pedophilia extend the cut-off point for prepubescence to age 13. People with the disorder are often referred to as pedophiles.
Psychopathy,or psychopathic personality,is a personality construct characterized by impaired empathy and remorse,and bold,impulsive,egocentric traits,masked by superficial charm and the outward appearance of apparent normalcy.
The Psychopathy Checklist or Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised,now the Psychopathy Checklist—revised (PCL-R),is a psychological assessment tool that is commonly used to assess the presence and extent of psychopathy in individuals—most often those institutionalized in the criminal justice system—and to differentiate those high in this trait from those with antisocial personality disorder,a related diagnosable disorder. It is a 20-item inventory of perceived personality traits and recorded behaviors,intended to be completed on the basis of a semi-structured interview along with a review of "collateral information" such as official records. The psychopath tends to display a constellation or combination of high narcissistic,borderline,and antisocial personality disorder traits,which includes superficial charm,charisma/attractiveness,sexual seductiveness and promiscuity,affective instability,suicidality,lack of empathy,feelings of emptiness,self-harm,and splitting. In addition,sadistic and paranoid traits are usually also present.
Child sexual abuse (CSA),also called child molestation,is a form of child abuse in which an adult or older adolescent uses a child for sexual stimulation. Forms of child sexual abuse include engaging in sexual activities with a child,indecent exposure,child grooming,and child sexual exploitation,such as using a child to produce child pornography.
A range of research has been conducted examining the link between viewing child pornography and perpetration of child sexual abuse,and much disagreement persists regarding whether a causal connection has been established. Perspectives fall into one of three positions:
James M. Cantor is an American-Canadian clinical psychologist and sexologist specializing in hypersexuality and paraphilias.
Michael Chikong Seto is a Canadian forensic psychologist,sexologist,and author. He is director of Forensic Rehabilitation Research at the Royal Ottawa Health Care Group,where his research focuses on pedophilia,sexual offenses committed against children,child pornography,risk assessment,offenders with mental disorders,psychopathy,and program evaluation.
Vernon Lewis Quinsey is a Canadian psychologist. He has studied violent crime offenders,sex offenders,sexually violent predators,juvenile delinquency,and ways to predict,assess,and manage individuals with these tendencies. He testified in court that a rapist,Allen Edward Bullock,was "erotically attracted to that kind of behavior".
Robin J. Wilson is a Canadian psychologist,specializing in work on sex offenders.
Devon Leigh Logan Polaschek is a New Zealand professor of psychology and of Crime Science at the University of Waikato in New Zealand who studies high-risk violent offenders in prisons and on parole.
Sex offender registration and notification (SORN) laws in the United States are widely accepted,with supporters believing that disclosing the location of sex offenders residence improves the public's ability to guard themselves and their children from sexual victimization. Despite this wide public acceptance,empirical observations do not uniformly support this belief.
A juvenile sex crime is defined as a legally proscribed sexual crime committed without consent by a minor under the age of 18. The act involves coercion,manipulation,a power imbalance between the perpetrator and victim,and threats of violence. The sexual offenses that fall under juvenile sex crimes range from non-contact to penetration. The severity of the sexual assault in the crime committed is often the amount of trauma and/or injuries the victim has suffered. Typically within these crimes,female children are the majority demographic of those targeted and the majority of offenders are male. Juvenile sex offenders are different than adult sex offenders in a few ways,as captured by National Incident Based Reporting System:they are more likely to be committed in school,offend in groups and against acquaintances,target young children as victims,and to have a male victim,whereas they are less likely than their adult counterpart to commit rape.
Wade C. Myers III is an American child and adolescent and forensic psychiatrist and a Professor and Chief of Forensic Psychiatry in the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior at the Alpert Medical School of Brown University. He is also a Director of Forensic Psychiatry at Rhode Island Hospital and the Medical Director for Newport Mental Health. Myers is distinguished for his studies of juvenile homicide offenders and sexual homicide.
References
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- ↑ "Sex Offender Recidivism Commission–Minutes from 5/9/16 Meeting".
- ↑ "MATSA Board".
- ↑ "Converging models of cognitive deficit in schizophrenia".
- ↑ "Measuring specific, rather than generalized, cognitive deficits and maximizing between-group effect size in studies of cognition and cognitive change".
- ↑ "Classification of Rapists in Massachusetts, 1980-1990 (ICPSR 9976)".
- ↑ "Risk Assessment and Schemes for Sexual Recidivism: A 25 Year Follow-Up of Convicted Sex Offenders Referred to the Massachusetts Treatment Center, 1959-1984 (ICPSR 25928)".
- ↑ "Classifying Sexual Offenders".
- ↑ "Identifying critical dimensions for discriminating among rapists".
- 1 2 "A taxometric analysis of the latent structure of psychopathy: Evidence for dimensionality".
- 1 2 "Is Hypersexuality Dimensional? Evidence for the DSM-5 from General Population and Clinical Samples".
- 1 2 3 "Is paraphilic coercion a different construct from sadism or the lower end of an agonistic continuum?".
- ↑ "Exploring characteristics for classifying juvenile sex offenders".
- ↑ "The Developmental Antecedents of Sexual Coercion against Women: Testing Alternative Hypotheses with Structural Equation Modeling".
- ↑ "Risk factors for sexual violence".
- ↑ "Risk factors associated with recidivism among extrafamilial child molesters".
- ↑ "Validation of a Typology for Rapists".
- ↑ "Recidivism Rates Among Child Molesters and Rapists: A Methodological Analysis".
- ↑ "Evaluating and Improving Risk Assessment Schemes for Sexual Recidivism: A Long-Term Follow-Up of Convicted Sexual Offenders".
- ↑ "MIDSA".
- ↑ "The Development, Reliability, and Validity of an Inventory for the Multidimensional Assessment of Sex and Aggression".
- ↑ "Development and validation of the MIDSA-SC scale".
- ↑ "Pedophilia is a taxon among 706 adult males assessed at a civil commitment center".
- ↑ "The structure and measurement of sadism: Implications for validation".