The Reer Nuur (Somali: Reer Nuur), also known as Nuur Yoonis, is a northern Somali clan, a sub-division of the Makahiil sub-clan of the Gadabuursi clan family. [1]
Reer Nuur | |
|---|---|
 Somaliland  Djibouti  Ethiopia | |
| (Dir) Dir (including those of ancestral descent) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Somaliland, Djibouti, Ethiopia | |
| Languages | |
| Somali, Arabic | |
| Religion | |
| Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Other Gadabuursi clans, and Dir clans such as Barsuug, Biimaal, Gurgura, Surre, Issa |
The Reer Nuur are one of the biggest sub-clans of the Gadabuursi clan family. Historically, they occupied the buffer zone between the Gadabuursi and Isaaq tribes. [2] Historically, when the clan would meet for political affairs, the Reer Nuur would be counted as one separate branch, on equal standing with the Habar Afan, Mahad 'Ase , Aadan Yonis and the Jibril Yonis sub groups of the Gadabuursi family . [3]
The Reer Nuur reside in 3 countries, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and Somaliland.
Within Somaliland, the Reer Nuur reside in the Awdal province, and share the Baki District with the Reer Mohammed (Mahad 'Ase) and Habar Afan, although Dilla District is dominated by them. They also inhabit the Borama District . [4]
Within the Maroodi Jeex province, they reside in the Gabiley District, in towns such as Tog Wajaale, [5] [6] El Bardale, [7] [8] and Gabiley. [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] Within the Hargeisa District, they reside in Hargeisa, in the Stadium and State Park neighborhoods. [15]
Within Djibouti, the Reer Nuur reside in Quarter 4 and 5 of Djibouti (city). [16] [17]
Within Ethiopia, the Reer Nuur reside in the Somali Region, specifically in the Awbare district, the most demographically popular region of the Jigjiga Zone. The Reer Nuur historically have grazed up to Jijiga [18] and make up the majority of the inhabitants of the city of Awbare. [19] [20] [21] [22]
As a member of the Dir clan, the Reer Nuur come under the Makahiil branch of the Gadabuursi. As a member of the Dir clan, the Reer Nuur were a part of the Sultanate of Ifat and the Adal Sultanate. [23] These sultanates were run by the Walashma dynasty, who were originated by the famous Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn.
The Reer Nuur also occupy some of the oldest towns of these sultanates, the towns of Amud and Awbare. Which are also known as important historical sites and home to many Somali saints. [24] [25]
In the colonial age, the Reer Nuur were adamantly anti colonization, and refused to join the British (along with other Gadabuursi) against the Dervish movement. [26]
The Balwo style of music and poetry was invented by a member of the Reer Nuur clan, known as Abdi Sinimo. His new style of music also led to the rise of the Heello genre and gave birth to modern Somali music. [27] [28]
The Reer Nuur claim descent from Dir through Gadabuursi, listed below.
The sub divisions of the Noor Yoonis:
Awdal is an administrative region (gobol) in western Somaliland. It was separated from Woqooyi Galbeed and became a province in 1984 and is the most northwesterly province of Somaliland. To the east it borders Maroodi Jeex and Sahil; to its north-west it borders Djibouti; to its south and south-west lies Ethiopia; and the Gulf of Aden to its north. The province has an estimated population of 1,010,566. The region comprises the four districts of Borama, the regional capital, Baki, Lughaya, and Zeila.
The Arap or Arab clan is a major Northern Somali clan of the wider Isaaq clan family. The Arap predominantly live on the middle and southwest side of Hargeisa and in the Baligubadle district Hawd region) of Somaliland, with its capital Baligubadle being an exclusively Arap territory. The territory of the clan extends to Ethiopia, in the area of Faafan, gursum, dhagahle. The Abdalle Arab, a sub-clan of the Arap clan is based in the Togdheer, Sahil. The Celi Arab, a sub-clan of the Arap clan is based in Maroodi Jeex Hargeisa Muuse celi arab living also Bakool South West State of Somalia Rabdhure Elbarde, They also live Fafan Zone Gursum, Somali Sheekh cismaan Arab based in Nogob Zone Jarar Zone regions.
The Eidagalle, is a major Somali clan of the Isaaq clan family. Members of this clan are concentrated in Somaliland and the Somali region. They are the traditional holders of the Isaaq Sultanate since the 18th century. As descendants of Ismail bin Sheikh Isaaq, its members form a part of the Habar Magaadle confederation, and they constitute the largest sub-clan of the Isaaq. They traditionally consist of nomadic pastoralists, merchants and skilled poets.
Gabiley, also known as Gebiley, is a city in the Maroodi Jeex region of Somaliland.
The Dir is one of the largest and most prominent Somali clans in the Horn of Africa. They are also considered to be the oldest Somali stock to have inhabited the region. Its members inhabit Djibouti, Somalia, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya.
The Gadabuursi, also known as Samaroon, is a northern Somali clan, a sub-division of the Dir clan family.
Borama is the largest city of the northwestern Awdal region of Somaliland. The commercial seat of the province, it is situated near the border with Ethiopia.
The Marehan is a Somali clan, which is part of one of the largest Somali clan families, the Darod.
The Habr Awal, also contemporarily known as the Subeer Awal, and alternately known as the Zubeyr Awal is the largest subclan of the wider Isaaq clan family, and is further divided into eight sub-clans of whom the two largest and most prominent are the Isamusa and Sa'ad Musa sub-clans. Its members form a part of the Habar Magadle confederation.
Awbare, officially known as Teferi Ber and called after its patron Saint Awbare, is a town in eastern Ethiopia located in the Fafan Zone of the Somali Region, near the border with Somaliland on the main trade route between Jijiga and the sea. It is the administrative centre of the Awbare district.
The Hiraab clan, is a prominent Somali clan belonging to the larger Hawiye clan. Renowned for its influential role, the Hiraab clan has produced numerous significant clans and leaders within Somalia, including six presidents, the inaugural president and Prime Minister, and various other prominent figures. The clan's historical contributions include pioneering military leadership roles, and establishing its foundational influence in Somalia.
Baki District is a district in the Awdal region of western Somaliland.
Borama District is a district of the Awdal region in Somaliland.
Lefe Isa is a town in eastern Ethiopia. Located in the Fafan Zone of the Somali Region. It is administered under the Awbare district.
Harirad is a town in the northwestern Awdal region of Somaliland. It is about 87 km northwest of Borama and 3 km (2 mi) north of the border with Ethiopia. With an elevation of 972 meters above sea level, the settlement sprawls on a wide basin surrounded by granite mountains on all sides.
The Gurgura, Gorgorah or Gurgure is a northern Somali clan, a sub-division of the Dir clan family.
The Makayl-Dheere also known as Makaahiil-Dheere (Makayldheere), is a northern Somali clan, a sub-division of the Makahiil sub-clan of the Gadabuursi Dir clan family.
The Sa'ad Musa or Saad Musa is a northern Somali clan. Its members form a part of the Habr Awal sub-clan of the Isaaq clan family. The Sa'ad Musa traditionally consists of nomadic pastoralists, coastal people, merchants and farmers. The clan inhabits Somaliland, including Maroodi Jeex, and Sahil as well as Djibouti, the Somali Region of Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania.
The Farah Garad or the Garad Farah is a Somali clan which is part of the Dhulbahante clan-family, a sub-division of the larger Harti/Darod clan. The Farah Garad are divided into two sub-clans — Yassin Garad and Abdalla Garad. Abdalla has four clan eponyms, Ahmed Garad, Mohamed Garad (Baharsame), Guled Garad (Barkad) and Ali Garad. They are largely significant in Sool and Togdheer regions of Somalia, and Dollo Somali region of Ethopia.
Isse MohamoudorEisse Mahmoud, ; Eisse is a prominent sub-clan within the Majertein clan, comprising a significant population in four regional states primarily located in Puntland Somalia.
One informer told me that in Borama, when there are important decisions to be made, the Gadabursi normally divide themselves into four "parties.The Habar Afan, the Mahad Asse, the Jibril Yonis, and the Nur Yonis.
Within Tog Wajaale, there was a continuous conflict from 1993-2016 between the Samaroon (Reer Maxamed Nur) and the Jibril Abokor (Aadan Cumar) regarding the privatization of communal land. Through the work of traditional elders, Guurti, and the Gabiley Local council, it has been partially resolved.
Elberdale farmland dispute. The farmland dates back to the 1950s with the two clans - the Reer Nour and Reer Hared - each claiming ownership over farms in the town.
The latest clashes marked the fourth time armed conflict has broken out in the Elberdale farmland in the past six months between the Hared and Mohamoud Nour clans.
Genealogical Chart #2.2 shows the diversity of the Gadabursi lineages residing in Gabiley. The Bahabar Aden, Bahabar Abokor, and Degaweyne lineages constituting the "Bah Samaroon" alliance group of the Gadabursi that reside in Gabiley. Chart also shows the Reer Mohamed Nur (Also Gadabursi) residing in Gabiley as well.
Table 1: Somaliland's clans by region, Page 5 shows that the Gadabursi do reside in Gabiley.
various Gadabursi lineages reside in Gabiley
Figure 2 on page 23 shows the Samaroon people inhabiting the neighborhoods of Stadium and State House Park in Hargeisa.
The major town and region of the Rer Farah Nur, Aw Baare.
A Zeylah, le gouvernement britannique a essayé de lever des recrues parmi les guerriers Gadaboursis : mais ceux-ci ont refusé de marcher contre le Madht du Somaliiand
balwo.