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The triple helix model of innovation refers to a set of interactions between academia, industry and government, to foster economic and social development, as described in concepts such as the knowledge economy and knowledge society. In innovation helical framework theory, each sector is represented by a circle (helix), with overlapping showing interactions. The initial modelling has advanced from two dimensions to show more complex interactions, for example over time. The framework was first theorized by Henry Etzkowitz and Loet Leydesdorff in the 1990s, with the publication of “The Triple Helix, University-Industry-Government Relations: A laboratory for Knowledge-Based Economic Development”. Interactions between universities, industries and governments have given rise to new intermediary institutions, such as technology transfer offices and science parks, and Etzkowitz and Ledersdorff theorized the relationship between the three sectors and explained the emergence of these new hybrid organizations. The triple helix innovation framework has been widely adopted and as applied by policy makers has participated in the transformation of each sector.
The quadruple and quintuple innovation helix framework describes university-industry-government-public-environment interactions within a knowledge economy. In innovation helix framework theory, first developed by Henry Etzkowitz and Loet Leydesdorff and used in innovation economics and theories of knowledge, such as the knowledge society and the knowledge economy, each sector is represented by a circle (helix), with overlapping showing interactions. The quadruple and quintuple innovation helix framework was co-developed by Elias G. Carayannis and David F.J. Campbell, with the quadruple helix being described in 2009 and the quintuple helix in 2010. Various authors were exploring the concept of a quadruple helix extension to the triple helix model of innovation around the same time. The Carayannis and Campbell quadruple helix model incorporates the public via the concept of a 'media-based democracy', which emphasizes that when the political system (government) is developing innovation policy to develop the economy, it must adequately communicate its innovation policy with the public and civil society via the media to obtain public support for new strategies or policies. In the case of industry involved in R&D, the framework emphasizes that companies' public relations strategies have to negotiate ‘reality construction’ by the media. The quadruple and quintuple helix framework can be described in terms of the models of knowledge that it extends and by five subsystems (helices) that it incorporates; in a quintuple helix-driven model, knowledge and know-how are created and transformed, and circulate as inputs and outputs in a way that affects the natural environment. Socio-ecological interactions via the quadruple and quintuple helices can be utilized to define opportunities for the knowledge society and knowledge economy, such as innovation to address sustainable development, including climate change.
Francesco Grillo is an Italian economist and manager.
References
- ↑ Agrawal, A.; Cockburn, I.; Galasso, A.; Oettl, A. (2014). "Why are some regions more innovative than others? The role of small firms in the presence of large labs". Journal of Urban Economics. 81: 149–165. doi:10.1016/j.jue.2014.03.003.
- ↑ KOUKOUFIKIS G., 2014. The incorporation of EU's Innovation Policy in its Regions. Insights from Basse Normandie and Thessaly. Polytech' Tours, Universite Francois-Rabelais, Tours, France. Available at: <https://www.academia.edu/8387357/The_incorporation_of_EUs_Innovation_policy_in_its_regions_Insights_from_Basse-Normandie_and_Thessaly>
- ↑ "Systèmes régionaux d'innovation (RIS) concrètement: Du conseil et du financement à la numérisation | http://www.regiosuisse.ch – la plate-forme du développement régional en Suisse | regiosuisse".
{{cite web}}: External link in|title= - ↑ https://www.seco.admin.ch/dam/seco/en/dokumente/Publikationen_Dienstleistungen/Publikationen_Formulare/Standortfoerderung/Broschueren/Die%20Neue%20Regionalpolitik%20des%20Bundes.pdf.download.pdf/seco-nrp-broschure-en.pdf [ bare URL PDF ]
- ↑ "Regional Development Policy - OECD".
- ↑ "OECD Territorial Reviews".
- ↑ "Regional Innovation - OECD".
- ↑ Morisson, Arnault (2018). "Knowledge Gatekeepers and Path Development on the Knowledge Periphery: The Case of Ruta N in Medellin, Colombia". Area Development and Policy. 4: 98–115. doi:10.1080/23792949.2018.1538702.
- ↑ Morisson, A. & Doussineau, M. (2019). Regional innovation governance and place-based policies: design, implementation and implications. Regional Studies, Regional Science,6(1),101–116. https://rsa.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21681376.2019.1578257.