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Barcelona is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within city limits, its urban area extends to numerous neighbouring municipalities within the Province of Barcelona and is home to around 4.8 million people, making it the fifth most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris, the Ruhr area, Madrid, and Milan. It is one of the largest metropolises on the Mediterranean Sea, located on the coast between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Besòs, and bounded to the west by the Serra de Collserola mountain range, the tallest peak of which is 512 metres high.
Spain, or the Kingdom of Spain, is a country primarily located in southwestern Europe with parts of territory in the Atlantic Ocean and across the Mediterranean Sea. The largest part of Spain is situated on the Iberian Peninsula; its territory also includes the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla in Africa. The country's mainland is bordered to the south by Gibraltar; to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea; to the north by France, Andorra and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. With an area of 505,990 km2 (195,360 sq mi), Spain is the second-largest country in the European Union (EU) and, with a population exceeding 47.4 million, the fourth-most populous EU member state. Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid; other major urban areas include Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Zaragoza, Málaga, Murcia, Palma de Mallorca, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Bilbao.
A converso, "convert", was a Jew who converted to Catholicism in Spain or Portugal, particularly during the 14th and 15th centuries, or one of his or her descendants.
The Catholic branch of Christianity is the most widely professed religion in Spain, with high levels of secularization as of 2022. Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the Spanish Constitution.
Catalans are a Romance ethnic group native to Catalonia, who speak Catalan. The current official category of "Catalans" is that of the citizens of Catalonia, an autonomous community in Spain and the inhabitants of the Roussillon historical region in southern France, today the Pyrénées Orientales department, also called Northern Catalonia and Pays Catalan in French.
Public holidays celebrated in Spain include a mix of religious, national and regional observances. Each municipality is allowed to have a maximum of 14 public holidays per year; a maximum of nine of these are chosen by the national government and at least two are chosen locally, including patronal festivals.
Spain is a Christian majority country, with Islam being a minority religion, practised mostly by the immigrants and their descendants from Muslim majority countries.
The Spanish Catholic Church, or Catholic Church in Spain, is part of the Catholic Church under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome, and the Spanish Episcopal Conference.
Hinduism is a minority religion in Spain.
Japanese people in Spain consist largely of expatriate managers in Japanese corporations, as well as international students. There are also some people of Japanese ancestry in Spain, including descendants of 17th-century migrants to Spain, as well as migrants from among Nikkei populations in Latin America. According to Spain's National Statistical Institute, 4,898 Japanese citizens resided in the country as of 2009; Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs gave a higher figure of 8,080 as of 2015.
Plataforma per Catalunya was a far-right political party rooted in Catalonia, Spain, which centred its political agenda around controlling immigration and was opposed to Catalan independence. It was strongly anti-Islamic, and was widely considered a racist, xenophobic far-right political force. Its leader was Josep Anglada, town councillor in Vic.
Irreligion in Spain is a phenomenon that has existed since at least the 17th century. Secularism became relatively popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, often associated with anti-clericalism and progressive, republican, anarchist or socialist movements.
Inés Arrimadas García is a Spanish lawyer and politician serving as Member of the Congress of Deputies and Spokesperson of Citizens party in the Congress. She was previously the leader of the regional branch of the party in Catalonia. In March 2020, she was voted party leader.
Sarai Gascón Moreno is a swimmer from Catalonia, Spain.
Religion in Catalonia is diversified. Historically, virtually all the population was Christian, specifically Catholic, but since the 1980s there has been a trend of decline of Christianity also driven since the 1980s by the religious authorities' association with Francoist Spain. Nevertheless, according to the most recent study sponsored by the government of Catalonia, as of 2016, 61.9% of the Catalans identify as Christians, up from 56.5% in 2014, of whom 58.0% Catholics, 3.0% Protestants and Evangelicals, 0.9% Orthodox Christians and 0.6% Jehovah's Witnesses. At the same time, 16.0% of the population identify as atheists, 11.9% as agnostics, 4.8% as Muslims, 1.3% as Buddhists, and a further 2.4% as being of other religions.
En Comú Podem is an electoral coalition in Catalonia, originally formed in October 2015 by Unidas Podemos, Barcelona en Comú, Initiative for Catalonia Greens, United and Alternative Left, and Equo, and led by the Mayor of Barcelona, Ada Colau, to contest the 2015 Spanish general election.
Catalunya en Comú, previously Un País en Comú and collectively dubbed as Comuns, is a Catalan-based political party established in December 2016 as an umbrella for Barcelona en Comú, Initiative for Catalonia Greens (ICV), United and Alternative Left (EUiA), Podemos and Equo, which until then had been collaborating through electoral alliances under the Catalunya Sí que es Pot and En Comú Podem labels in the September 2015 regional and December 2015 and June 2016 general elections.
On the afternoon of 17 August 2017, 22-year-old Younes Abouyaaqoub drove a van into pedestrians on La Rambla in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain killing 13 people and injuring at least 130 others, one of whom died 10 days later on 27 August. Abouyaaqoub fled the attack on foot, then killed another person in order to steal the victim's car to make his escape.
Societat Civil Catalana is a Barcelona-based grass-roots organisation that was created in 2014 with the aim of promoting Catalonia’s union to Spain. Most of SCC activities seek to counter the Catalan independence movement. SCC was officially launched on 23 April 2014.
José Antonio González i Casanova was a Spanish lawyer, politician, constitutional law academic, and writer, known for being one of the drafters of the Constitution of Spain in 1978.
References
- 1 2 CIS (July 2019). "Postelectoral Elecciones Autonómicas y municipales 2019. Barcelona (Municipio de)" (PDF). Retrieved 27 September 2019.
- ↑ "Interactivo: Creencias y prácticas religiosas en España". 2 April 2015.
- ↑ Morel, Sandrine (2017-02-01). "La sécularisation express des jeunes Espagnols" [The express secularization of the Spanish youth] (in French). Le Monde . Retrieved 2018-03-28.
- 1 2 "España experimenta retroceso en catolicismo - El Mundo - Mundo Cristiano" (in Spanish). CBN.com. 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2015-05-29.
- ↑ "Culture in Barcelona | Activity breaks in Spain (Mainland)". Monarch. Retrieved 2015-05-29.
- ↑ "Idioma, moneda, horarios de Barcelona, política y religión" (in Spanish). Buscounviaje.com. Retrieved 2015-05-29.
- 1 2 3 4 "Casi 9 de cada 10 nuevos musulmanes residentes en España son españoles y, de ellos, más de la mitad ha nacido en el país" (in Spanish). Europapress.es. 2014-02-03. Retrieved 2015-05-29.
- 1 2 "The Jewish Virtual History Tour: Barcelona". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Archived from the original on 10 April 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
- 1 2 3 "Observatorio Andalusi : Estudio demografico de la poblacion musulmana" (PDF) (in Spanish). Observatorio.hispanomuslim.es. Retrieved 2015-05-29.
- ↑ "Observatorio del Pluralismo Religioso en Espaca" (in Spanish). Observatorioreligion.es. Retrieved 2015-05-29.
- ↑ "Avisan a Trias del riesgo de que radicales financien una gran mezquita en Barcelona | Cataluña | EL MUNDO" (in Spanish). Elmundo.es. 13 February 2015. Retrieved 2015-05-29.