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Richard E. Rubenstein (born February 24, 1938) is an author and University Professor of Conflict Resolution and Public Affairs at George Mason University, holding degrees from Harvard University, Oxford University (as a Rhodes Scholar), and Harvard Law School. Rubenstein is from Woodmere, New York. [1] He lives in Washington, D.C.
Rubenstein was an attorney at Steptoe & Johnson in Washington, DC, and served as assistant director of the Adlai Stevenson Institute of International Affairs in Chicago before becoming associate professor of political science at Roosevelt University (1970–79), professor of law and academic dean at Antioch Law School (1979–87), and university professor at George Mason University (since 1987). He is a faculty member and former director of George Mason's Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter School for Peace and Conflict Resolution, the nation's oldest and largest conflict studies program. [2] [3]
Since the 1970s Rubenstein has been active in movements for peace, racial equality, and social justice. In Chicago he helped organize protests against the Vietnam War and activities in support of the Black Power movement. His writings have mostly been about various types of violent conflicts and the possibilities of resolving them by restructuring failing socioeconomic, cultural, and political systems.
His first book, "Rebels in Eden: Mass Violence in the United States," (Little Brown, 1970) was an attempt to understand the racial uprisings of the sixties in the context of the history of struggles for group autonomy in America. This was followed by "Left Turn: Origins of the Next American Revolution," (Little Brown, 1973), an interpretation of U.S. politics in light of America's "three class" social system. After coming to Washington, Rubenstein wrote two books on terrorism: "Alchemists of Revolution," (Basic Books, 1986), a Marxist take on the origins and dynamics of terrorism movements, and "Comrade Valentine" (Harcourt Books, 1993), a meditation on the life of Yevno Azef, the notorious double agent who terrorized Russian society in the decade before the Russian Revolution.
Beginning in the late 90s, Rubenstein turned his attention to religious conflict and wrote three books showing why religious disputes become (or don't become) violent. "When Jesus Became God" (Harcourt, 1999), is a best-selling account of the controversy over Christ's divinity in early Christianity. "Aristotle's Children" (Harcourt, 2003), is the story of how the medieval Catholic Church allowed its thinking to be transformed by the great debate over Aristotelian philosophy. And "Thus Saith the Lord: The Revolutionary Moral Vision of Isaiah and Jeremiah" (Harcourt, 2006), tells how the later Jewish prophets were inspired to develop a new vision of international ethics by reacting to the empires of their day.
In 2010 Rubenstein's book, Reasons to Kill: Why Americans Choose War" was published by Bloomsbury Press. This study describes the arguments and images used to convince Americans that wars are justified by the values of their "civil religion." His latest books are "Resolving Structural Conflicts: How Violent Systems Can Be Transformed" (Routledge, 2017), and "Conflict Resolution After the Pandemic: Building Peace, Pursuing Justice," an edited work (with Solon Simmons) published by Routledge in 2021. Rubenstein's blog, www.rich-rubenstein.com, contains material about conflict analysis and resolution generally and articles written for online journals such as CounterPunch and Transcend Media Service.
George Mason University is a public sea-grant research university in Fairfax County, Virginia near Washington, D.C. The university was originally founded as the Northern Virginia University Center of the University of Virginia in 1949 as a Northern Virginia regional branch of the University of Virginia. Named after Founding Father of the United States George Mason in 1959, it became an independent university in 1972. The school has since grown into the largest public university in the Commonwealth of Virginia.
Conflict resolution is conceptualized as the methods and processes involved in facilitating the peaceful ending of conflict and retribution. Committed group members attempt to resolve group conflicts by actively communicating information about their conflicting motives or ideologies to the rest of group and by engaging in collective negotiation. Dimensions of resolution typically parallel the dimensions of conflict in the way the conflict is processed. Cognitive resolution is the way disputants understand and view the conflict, with beliefs, perspectives, understandings and attitudes. Emotional resolution is in the way disputants feel about a conflict, the emotional energy. Behavioral resolution is reflective of how the disputants act, their behavior. Ultimately a wide range of methods and procedures for addressing conflict exist, including negotiation, mediation, mediation-arbitration, diplomacy, and creative peacebuilding.
Walter Ze'ev Laqueur was a German-born American historian, journalist and political commentator. He was an influential scholar on the subjects of terrorism and political violence.
Peace and conflict studies or conflict analysis and resolution is a social science field that identifies and analyzes violent and nonviolent behaviors as well as the structural mechanisms attending conflicts, with a view towards understanding those processes which lead to a more desirable human condition. A variation on this, peace studies (irenology), is an interdisciplinary effort aiming at the prevention, de-escalation, and solution of conflicts by peaceful means, thereby seeking "victory" for all parties involved in the conflict.
Graham Tillett Allison Jr. is an American political scientist and the Douglas Dillon Professor of Government at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. He is known for his contributions in the late 1960s and early 1970s to the bureaucratic analysis of decision making, especially during times of crisis. His book Remaking Foreign Policy: The Organizational Connection, co-written with Peter Szanton, was published in 1976 and influenced the foreign policy of the Carter administration. Since the 1970s, Allison has also been a leading analyst of U.S. national security and defense policy, with a special interest in nuclear weapons and terrorism.
Isaiah Bowman, AB, Ph. D., was an American geographer and President of the Johns Hopkins University, 1935–1948, controversial for his antisemitism and inaction in Jewish resettlement during WWII.
John B. Quigley is a professor of law at the Moritz College of Law at the Ohio State University, where he is the Presidents' Club Professor of Law. In 1995 he was recipient of the Ohio State University Distinguished Scholar Award. Born John Bernard Quigley Jr., he was raised in St. Louis, Missouri and educated at the St. Louis Country Day School. He graduated from Harvard in the class of 1962, later taking an LL.B degree from Harvard Law School in 1966 and an M.A., also awarded in 1966. He was admitted to the bar in Massachusetts in 1967. Before joining the Ohio State faculty in 1969, he was a research scholar at Moscow State University, and a research associate in comparative law at Harvard Law School. Professor Quigley teaches international law and comparative law. Professor Quigley holds an adjunct appointment in the Political Science Department. In 1982–83 he was a visiting professor at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Peter Nathaniel Stearns is a professor at George Mason University, where he was provost from January 1, 2000 to July 2014.
The book Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid by former president Jimmy Carter has been highly controversial and attracted a wide range of commentary. The reception of the book has itself raised further controversy, occasioning Carter's own subsequent responses to such criticism.
Books about and authored by Jimmy Carter, the 39th president of the United States (1977–1981).
Mark Juergensmeyer is an American sociologist and scholar specialized in global studies and religious studies, and a writer best known for his studies on comparative religion, religious violence, and global religion. He is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Global Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and William F. Podlich Distinguished Fellow and Professor of Religious Studies at Claremont McKenna College.
Anna Geifman is an American historian. Her fields of interest include political extremism, terrorism, and the history of Russian revolutionary movements.
The Center for World Religions, Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution (CRDC) is an arm of George Mason University's Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter School for Peace and Conflict Resolution. CRDC engages in practice, education, and research concerning peace-building in conflicts where religion and culture play a significant role in a destructive conflict. CRDC specializes in entrepreneurial engagement with partners, students and supporters who share the goal of promoting emerging networks of indigenous and global peacemakers; mobilizing support for them; and forging links between such people, citizen-diplomats, and policymakers.
Mohammed Abu-Nimer is an American expert on conflict resolution and dialogue for peace. He is a full professor at the American University School of International Service in International Peace and Conflict Resolution in Washington, DC, the largest school of international relations in the United States.
Mark N. Katz is a professor of government and politics at George Mason University Schar School of Policy and Government in Fairfax, Virginia, United States, and a nonresident senior fellow at the Atlantic Council in Washington, DC. He researches and teaches classes about Russian politics and foreign policy, revolution, and the "War on Terror."
Susan F. Hirsch is a legal anthropologist whose work has specialized in the study of legal language. She is a professor of conflict resolution and anthropology at George Mason University, where she holds the Vernon M. and Minnie I. Lynch Chair in the Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter School for Peace and Conflict Resolution.
Erica Chenoweth is an American political scientist, professor of public policy at the Harvard Kennedy School and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. They are known for their research work on non-violent civil resistance movements.
The Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter School for Peace and Conflict Resolution is a constituent college of George Mason University based near Washington, D.C., United States, specializing in peace and conflict studies with locations in Arlington, Fairfax, and Lorton, Virginia, as well as at the Mason Korea campus in Songdo, South Korea. On July 1, 2020, the School for Conflict Analysis and Resolution was renamed the Jimmy and Rossalyn Carter School for Peace and Conflict Resolution, following an announcement by the university in March 2020.
William Ury is an American author, academic, anthropologist, and negotiation expert. He co-founded the Harvard Program on Negotiation. Additionally, he helped found the International Negotiation Network with former President Jimmy Carter. Ury is the co-author of Getting to Yes with Roger Fisher, which set out the method of principled negotiation and established the idea of the best alternative to a negotiated agreement (BATNA) within negotiation theory.
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