Related Research Articles
Environmental chemistry is the scientific study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places. It should not be confused with green chemistry,which seeks to reduce potential pollution at its source. It can be defined as the study of the sources,reactions,transport,effects,and fates of chemical species in the air,soil,and water environments;and the effect of human activity and biological activity on these. Environmental chemistry is an interdisciplinary science that includes atmospheric,aquatic and soil chemistry,as well as heavily relying on analytical chemistry and being related to environmental and other areas of science.
Biogeochemistry is the scientific discipline that involves the study of the chemical,physical,geological,and biological processes and reactions that govern the composition of the natural environment. In particular,biogeochemistry is the study of biogeochemical cycles,the cycles of chemical elements such as carbon and nitrogen,and their interactions with and incorporation into living things transported through earth scale biological systems in space and time. The field focuses on chemical cycles which are either driven by or influence biological activity. Particular emphasis is placed on the study of carbon,nitrogen,oxygen,sulfur,iron,and phosphorus cycles. Biogeochemistry is a systems science closely related to systems ecology.
The Max Planck Institute for Chemistry is a non-university research institute under the auspices of the Max Planck Society in Mainz,Germany. It was created as the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry in 1911 in Berlin.
Klaus Biemann was an Austrian-American professor of chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His work centered on structural analysis in organic and biochemistry. He has been called the "father of organic mass spectrometry" but was particularly noted for his role in advancing protein sequencing with tandem mass spectrometry following pioneering work conducted in this area by Michael Barber.
5β-Coprostanol (5β-cholestan-3β-ol) is a 27-carbon stanol formed from the net reductive metabolism of cholesterol (cholest-5en-3β-ol) in the gut of most higher animals and birds. This compound has frequently been used as a biomarker for the presence of human faecal matter in the environment. 5β-coprostanol is thought to be exclusively bacterial in origin.
Robert Graham Cooks is the Henry Bohn Hass Distinguished Professor of Chemistry in the Aston Laboratories for Mass Spectrometry at Purdue University. He is an ISI Highly Cited Chemist,with over 1,000 publications and an H-index of 144.
Dame Carol Vivien Robinson,is a British chemist and former president of the Royal Society of Chemistry (2018–2020). She was a Royal Society Research Professor and is the Dr Lee's Professor of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,and a professorial fellow at Exeter College,University of Oxford. She is the first director of the Kavli Institution for Nanoscience Discovery,University of Oxford,and she was previously professor of mass spectrometry at the chemistry department of the University of Cambridge.
Geoffrey Eglinton,FRS was a British chemist and emeritus professor and senior research fellow in earth sciences at the University of Bristol.
Renato Zenobi is a Swiss chemist. He is Professor of Chemistry at ETH Zurich. Throughout his career,Zenobi has contributed to the field of analytical chemistry.
Roger Everett Summons is the Schlumberger Professor of Geobiology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Professor of Geobiology in the Department of Earth,Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences.
Kliti Grice,is a chemist and geochemist known for her work in identifying geological and environmental causes for mass extinction events. Her research integrates geological information with data on molecular fossils and their stable carbon,hydrogen and sulfur isotopic compositions to reconstruct details of microbial,fungal and floral inhabitants of modern and ancient aquatic environments and biodiversity hot spots. This information expands our understanding of both the Earth's history and its current physical state,with implications ranging from energy and mineral resource exploration strategies to environmental sustainability encompassing climate dynamics and expected rates,durations and scale of our future planet's health. As one of the youngest women professors in Earth Sciences,she is the founding director of the Western Australian Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC) and is a Professor of Organic and Isotope Geochemistry at Curtin University in Perth,Western Australia.
John H. Beynon FRS was a Welsh chemist and physicist known for his work in mass spectrometry.
John Michael Hayes was an American oceanographer. He worked at Indiana University Bloomington,and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Woods Hole,Massachusetts.
Jacqueline Mulville is a British bioarchaeologist and Professor of Archaeology at Cardiff University. Mulville is a field archaeologist whose research focuses on osteoarchaeology,human and animal identities,and island archaeologies concentrated on Britain.
Caroline Masiello is a biogeochemist who develops tools to better understand the cycling and fate of globally relevant elemental cycles. She is a professor at Rice University in the Department of Earth,Environmental and Planetary Sciences and holds joint appointments in the Chemistry and Biochemistry Departments. Masiello was elected as a Fellow of the Geological Society of America in 2017. She currently leads an interdisciplinary team of scientists who are developing microbial sensors for earth system science.
M. Francesca Cotrufo is a soil ecologist who focuses her work on litter decomposition and the dynamics of soil organic matter. She is currently a Professor and Associate Head in the Department of Soil and Crop Sciences,as well the Senior Scientist at the Natural Resource Ecology Lab,at Colorado State University.
Lisa-Marie Shillito is a British archaeologist and senior lecturer in landscape archaeology as well as director of the Wolfson Archaeology Laboratory and Earthslides at Newcastle University. Her practical work focuses on using soil micromorphology,phytolith analysis and geochemistry in order to understand human behaviour and landscape change. Her work includes the Neolithic settlements of Çatalhöyük in Turkey and Ness of Brodgar and Durrington Walls in Britain,but also Crusader castles and medieval settlements in Poland and the Baltic and in the Near East.
Kirsty Elizabeth Helena Penkman is a analytical chemist and geochemist known for her research in biomolecular archaeology,the use of ancient DNA,amino acid dating,and other biomolecules in order to date fossils and learn about the world as it was in prehistoric times. She a professor in chemistry at the University of York.
Ian Croudace is a British geochemist,academic,researcher and entrepreneur. He is Emeritus Professor of Environmental Radioactivity and Environmental Geochemistry at the University of Southampton and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry. Croudace has published over 200 research articles and has supervised 32 PhD projects over his career. He is director at Raddec International Limited. He is the author of the book Micro-XRF Studies of Sediment Cores:Applications of a non-destructive tool for the environmental sciences and Executive Editor for the Quaternary International Special Issue entitled "Advances in Data Quantification and Application of High Resolution XRF Core Scanners". He specializes in analytical,environmental and isotope geochemistry and radioactivity. His research interests range from Micro-XRF analysis of sediments to Forensic Geochemistry to Radio-analytical developments.
In archaeology,Organic Residue Analysis (ORA) refers to the study of micro-remains trapped in or adhered to artifacts from the past. These organic residues can include lipids,proteins,starches,and sugars. By analyzing these residues,ORA can reveal insights into ancient dietary behaviors,agricultural practices,housing organization,technological advancements,and trade interactions. Furthermore,it provides information on the use of cosmetics,arts,crafts,medicine,and burial preparations in ancient societies.
References
- ↑ "Honour for former St Ives scientist". The Hunts Post.
- ↑ "Professor Richard Evershed". University of Bristol.
- ↑ "Professor Richard Evershed". The Royal Society.
- ↑ "Professor Richard Evershed - Research". Bristol University.
- ↑ Wilke, Carolyn (21 July 2021). "What did ancient people eat? Scientists find new clues in old pottery". Knowable Magazine. doi: 10.1146/knowable-052221-1 . Retrieved 30 November 2021.
- ↑ "Combining chemistry and archaeology gives scientists a real buzz". Chemical Industry Journal. 18 April 2016.
- ↑ "What's for Dinner, Mummy?". The Analytical Scientist.
- ↑ Cappellini, Enrico; Prohaska, Ana; Racimo, Fernando; Welker, Frido; Pedersen, Mikkel Winther; Allentoft, Morten E.; de Barros Damgaard, Peter; Gutenbrunner, Petra; Dunne, Julie; Hammann, Simon; Roffet-Salque, Mélanie; Ilardo, Melissa; Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor; Wang, Yucheng; Sikora, Martin; Vinner, Lasse; Cox, Jürgen; Evershed, Richard P.; Willerslev, Eske (20 June 2018). "Ancient Biomolecules and Evolutionary Inference". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 87 (1): 1029–1060. doi: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-062917-012002 . hdl: 21.11116/0000-0001-DF45-7 . ISSN 0066-4154. PMID 29709200. S2CID 14004952 . Retrieved 8 December 2021.
- ↑ "The NeoMilk project". Neo-Milk The Milking Revolution in Temperate Neolithic Europe.
- ↑ "Interdisciplinary Prizes Previous Winners". Royal Society of Chemistry.
- ↑ "Holders of the Aston Medal". British Mass Spectrometry Society.
- ↑ "Robert Boyle Prize for Analytical Science 2016 Winner". Royal Society of Chemistry.
- ↑ "Theophilus Redwood Award Previous Winners". Royal Society of Chemistry.
- ↑ "Book Club – Sorting the beef from the bull". Chemistry World.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Academics | |
| Other | |
