Related Research Articles
Privatization can mean several different things,most commonly referring to moving something from the public sector into the private sector. It is also sometimes used as a synonym for deregulation when a heavily regulated private company or industry becomes less regulated. Government functions and services may also be privatised;in this case,private entities are tasked with the implementation of government programs or performance of government services that had previously been the purview of state-run agencies. Some examples include revenue collection,law enforcement,water supply,and prison management.
A state-owned enterprise (SOE) is a government entity which is established or nationalised by the national government or provincial government by an executive order or an act of legislation in order to earn profit for the government,control monopoly of the private sector entities,provide products and services to citizens at a lower price and for the achievement of overall financial goals &developmental objectives in a particullar country. The national government or provincial government has majority ownership over these state owned enterprises. These state owned enterprises are also known as public sector undertakings in some countries. Defining characteristics of SOEs are their distinct legal form and possession of financial goals &developmental objectives,SOEs are government entities established to pursue financial objectives and developmental goals.
Arthur Betz Laffer is an American economist and author who first gained prominence during the Reagan administration as a member of Reagan's Economic Policy Advisory Board (1981–1989). Laffer is best known for the Laffer curve,an illustration of the theory that there exists some tax rate between 0% and 100% that will result in maximum tax revenue for government. In certain circumstances,this would allow governments to cut taxes,and simultaneously increase revenue and economic growth.
A public–private partnership is a long-term arrangement between a government and private sector institutions. Typically,it involves private capital financing government projects and services up-front,and then drawing revenues from taxpayers and/or users over the course of the PPP contract. Public–private partnerships have been implemented in multiple countries and are primarily used for infrastructure projects. They have been employed for building,equipping,operating and maintaining schools,hospitals,transport systems,and water and sewerage systems.
Value capture is a type of public financing that recovers some or all of the value that public infrastructure generates for private landowners.
The Taiwan Miracle or Taiwan Economic Miracle refers to the rapid industrialization and economic growth of Taiwan during the latter half of the twentieth century. As it developed alongside Singapore,South Korea and Hong Kong,Taiwan became known as one of the "Four Asian Tigers".
The President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) is a council,chartered in each administration with a broad mandate to advise the President of the United States on science and technology. The current PCAST was established by Executive Order 13226 on September 30,2001,by President George W. Bush,was re-chartered by President Obama's April 21,2010,Executive Order 13539,by President Trump's October 22,2019,Executive Order 13895,and by President Biden's February 1,2021,Executive Order 14007.
Americans for Limited Government(ALG) is a conservative 501(c)(4) non-profit organization "dedicated to restoring the constitutional,limited powers of government at the federal,state,and local level... by fighting to reduce the size and scope of government,protecting individuals rights,promoting federalism,and rolling back the tyranny of the administrative state." ALG is focused on "fiscal responsibility,regulatory reform,transparency and shedding light on overlooked issues that impact people's lives."
Peter Kent Navarro is an American political figure who served in the Trump administration as the Assistant to the President,Director of Trade and Manufacturing Policy,and the national Defense Production Act policy coordinator. He previously served as a Deputy Assistant to the President and Director of the White House National Trade Council,a newly created entity in the White House Office,until it was folded into the Office of Trade and Manufacturing Policy,a new role established by executive order in April 2017. He is also a professor emeritus of economics and public policy at the Paul Merage School of Business,University of California,Irvine,and the author of Death by China,among other publications. Navarro ran unsuccessfully for office in San Diego,California,five times.
The creation of a National Infrastructure Reinvestment Bank was first proposed by United States Senator Christopher J. Dodd and Senator Chuck Hagel in 2007. However,several other iterations of a National Infrastructure Bank have been proposed and considered and it is likely that implementing legislation for the Bank will look quite different from that which was proposed in the original legislation.
Robert David "Bob" Hormats is Vice Chairman of Kissinger Associates. Immediately prior he served as Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth,Energy,and the Environment from 2009 to 2013. Hormats was formerly Vice Chairman of Goldman Sachs (International),which he joined in 1982. He served as Senior Deputy Assistant Secretary,from 1977 to 1979,and Assistant Secretary of State,from 1981 to 1982,at the Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs. He was Ambassador and Deputy U.S. Trade Representative from 1979 to 1981. He served as a senior staff member for International Economic Affairs on the United States National Security Council from 1969 to 1977,where he was senior economic adviser to Henry Kissinger,General Brent Scowcroft and Zbigniew Brzezinski. He helped to manage the Nixon administration's opening of diplomatic relations with China's communist government. He was a recipient of the French Legion of Honor in 1982 and the Arthur S. Flemming Award in 1974.
Richard R. John,Jr. is an American historian who specializes in the history of business,technology,communications,and the state. He is a professor of history and communications at Columbia University.
Francis "Frank" Herbert Buckley is a foundation professor at George Mason University School of Law where he has taught since 1989. Before then he was a visiting Olin fellow at the University of Chicago Law School. He has also taught at Panthéon-Assas University,Sciences Po in Paris and the McGill Faculty of Law in Montreal. He practiced law for three years in Toronto.
The National Infrastructure Advisory Council (NIAC) is a United States government advisory council,which advises the President of the United States on the security of information systems in banking,finance,transportation,energy,manufacturing,and emergency government services. The George W. Bush Administration's executive order 13231 of October 16,2001 created the NIAC,and its functioning was last extended until September 30,2021 by executive order 13889 of the Donald Trump Administration.
Infrastructure-based economic development,also called infrastructure-driven development,combines key policy characteristics inherited from the Rooseveltian progressivist tradition and neo-Keynesian economics in the United States,France's Gaullist and neo-Colbertist centralized economic planning,Scandinavian social democracy as well as Singaporean and Chinese state capitalism:it holds that a substantial proportion of a nation’s resources must be systematically directed towards long term assets such as transportation,energy and social infrastructure in the name of long term economic efficiency and social equity.
Daniel Alpert is an American investment banker,adjunct professor at Cornell Law School,commentator and author. He is a co-creator of the United States Private Sector Job Quality Index,an economic metric that measures of higher wage versus lower wage private sector jobs,and the author of The Age of Oversupply:Confronting the Greatest Challenge to the Global Economy. Alpert is a founding partner of Westwood Capital LLC,an investment firm based in New York,and an adviser to the Coalition for a Prosperous America. Alpert is a member of the World Economic Roundtable.
For-profit higher education in the United States refers to the commercialization and privatization of American higher education institutions. For-profit colleges have been the most recognizable for-profit institutions,but commercialization has been a part of US higher education for more than a century. Privatization of public institutions has also been increasing for decades.
Michael John Kotsakas Kratsios is an American business executive and government official. He served as the fourth Chief Technology Officer of the United States at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. In this role,Kratsios served as President Donald Trump's top technology advisor. From July 10,2020 to January 20,2021,Kratsios was also the Acting Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering.
The infrastructure policy of Donald Trump included ensuring U.S. energy independence,safeguarding the cybersecurity of the national power grid and other critical infrastructure,locking China out of the U.S. fifth-generation Internet market,and rolling back regulations to ease the process of planning and construction. While there were no major infrastructure spending packages,some individual policies and projects were advanced piecemeal,especially in rural areas.
References
- ↑ "Richard Geddes". Cornell University. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
- ↑ Niquette, Mark (Oct 1, 2017). "Trump's Change of Heart Puts $1 Trillion Building Plan in Limbo". Bloomberg. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
- ↑ Mast, AJ (September 4, 2017). "TRUMP'S INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN IS ACTUALLY PENCE'S—AND IT'S ALL ABOUT PRIVATIZATION". Newsweek. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
- ↑ "Visiting Scholar". American Enterprise Institute. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
- ↑ "Richard Geddes". Linked In. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
- ↑ "The Future Of American Infrastructure Under Trump". NPR On Point (WBUR). Jun 6, 2017. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
- ↑ Cramton, Peter; Geddes, Richard (June 20, 2017). "How Technology Can Eliminate Traffic Congestion". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
- ↑ "R. "Rick" Richard Geddes on the C-SPAN Networks". CSPAN. Retrieved 5 October 2017.
- ↑ "COMPETITION FOR INTERCITY PASSENGER RAIL IN AMERICA". US GPO. June 22, 2011. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
- ↑ Bruno, Debra (Feb 16, 2017). "The Cure For America's 'Third-World' Airports". Politico. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
