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Manoel Cândido Pinto de Oliveira was a Portuguese film director and screenwriter born in Cedofeita, Porto. He first began making films in 1927, when he and some friends attempted to make a film about World War I. In 1931, he completed his first film Douro, Faina Fluvial, a documentary about his home city Porto made in the city-symphony genre. He made his feature film debut in 1942 with Aniki-Bóbó and continued to make shorts and documentaries for the next 30 years, gaining a minimal amount of recognition without being considered a major world film director.
Pedro Costa is a Portuguese film director. He is best known for his sequence of films set in Lisbon, which focuses on the lives of the impoverished residents of a slum in the Fontainhas neighbourhood.
João César Monteiro Santos was a Portuguese film director, actor, writer and film critic.
António Ferreira Gonçalves dos Reis, known as António Reis, was a Portuguese film director, screenwriter and producer, poet, sculptor and ethnographer. He was married to Margarida Cordeiro, co-director of most of his films. He is considered one of the most important directors of his country, due to the originality of his style.
The Cinema of Portugal started with the birth of the medium in the late 19th century. Cinema was introduced in Portugal in 1896 with the screening of foreign films and the first Portuguese film was Saída do Pessoal Operário da Fábrica Confiança, made in the same year. The first movie theater opened in 1904 and the first scripted Portuguese film was O Rapto de Uma Actriz (1907). The first all-talking sound film, A Severa, was made in 1931. Starting in 1933, with A Canção de Lisboa, the Golden Age would last the next two decades, with films such as O Pátio das Cantigas (1942) and A Menina da Rádio (1944). Aniki-Bóbó (1942), Manoel de Oliveira's first feature film, marked a milestone, with a realist style predating Italian neorealism by a few years. In the 1950s the industry stagnated. The early 1960s saw the birth of the Cinema Novo movement, showing realism in film, in the vein of Italian neorealism and the French New Wave, with films like Dom Roberto (1962) and Os Verdes Anos (1963). The movement became particularly relevant after the Carnation Revolution of 1974. In 1989, João César Monteiro's Recordações da Casa Amarela won the Silver Lion at the Venice Film Festival and in 2009, João Salaviza's Arena won the Short Film Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival. Several other Portuguese films have been in competition for major film awards like the Palme d'Or and the Golden Bear. João Sete Sete (2006) was the first Portuguese animated feature film. Portuguese cinema is significantly supported by the State, with the government's Instituto do Cinema e do Audiovisual giving films financial support.
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Ethnofiction refers to a subfield of ethnography which produces works that introduce art, in the form of storytelling, "thick descriptions and conversational narratives", and even first-person autobiographical accounts, into peer-reviewed academic works.
António Campos was one of the pioneer filmmakers of visual anthropology in Portugal. Mainly using pure documentary techniques, he shot ethnographic films and tried docufiction. As well as in fictional films, he used the methods of direct cinema to portrait the life of ancient human communities (ethnofiction) of his country.
José de Matos-Cruz is a Portuguese writer, journalist, editor, high-school teacher, investigator, encyclopedist. From 1980 to 2010, he worked at the Cinemateca Portuguesa in Lisbon. He is a prominent historian of the Portuguese cinema.
The Rite of Spring is a 1913 ballet and orchestral concert work by Igor Stravinsky.
Porto of My Childhood is a 2001 Portuguese/French film directed by Manoel de Oliveira. Manoel de Oliveira narrates a documentary which features staged dramatic scenes of memories and stories told to him during his childhood in Porto.
Christopher Columbus – The Enigma is a 2007 Portuguese film directed by Manoel de Oliveira. It was filmed in both Portugal and the United States. It was screened out of competition at the 64th edition of the Venice Film Festival.
The Fifth Empire is a 2004 Portuguese film directed by Manoel de Oliveira. It is one of the various film adaptations of plays by José Régio that Oliveira directed.
The Hunt is a 1963 short Portuguese film directed by Manoel de Oliveira. The film is a grim, surrealistic short narrative film that contrasted with the positive tones of Oliveira's previous film. Due to censorship issues, Oliveira was forced to add a "happy ending" to the initial release of the film and was unable to restore his original ending until 1988. Because of this film and anti- Salazar regime comments Oliveira made after a screening of his previous film O Acto de Primavera, he was arrested by the PIDE in 1963. He spent 10 days in jail and was interrogated until finally being released with the help of his friend Manuel Meneres.
Fernando Vendrell is a Portuguese film director and producer.
The School of Reis is a film theory concept relative to the teachings of Portuguese director António Reis, to his work, conceived with his wife Margarida Cordeiro, and to the works of the directors influenced by them. It is a pun on the surname of António Reis, since reis in Portuguese also means "kings".
Trás-os-Montes is a Portuguese independent docufictional and ethnofictional feature film, written, directed and edited by António Reis and Margarida Cordeiro and released in 1976. It takes its name from the Portuguese region of Trás-os-Montes from which the film emanated.
Ana is a 1982 Portuguese independent docufictional and ethnofictional feature film, written, directed and edited by António Reis and Margarida Cordeiro. It was filmed in Trás-os-Montes like António Reis' previous film, Trás-os-Montes. The film was selected as the Portuguese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 58th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.
References
- ↑ "Rite of Spring at The School of Reis official page at the Harvard Film Archive website". ves.fas.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2012-07-01.
- ↑ March 15 - 29 Manoel de Oliveira, or Cinema, the Art of Enigma, Harvard Film School, 1999, subsection "Rite of Spring"
