The Central Tibetan Administration is a non-profit political organization based in Dharamshala,India. Its organization is modeled after an elective parliamentary government,composed of a judiciary branch,a legislative branch,and an executive branch,and is sometimes labelled as a government in exile for Tibet.
The Dorje Shugden controversy is a controversy over Dorje Shugden,also known as Dolgyal,whom some consider to be one of several protectors of the Gelug school,the school of Tibetan Buddhism to which the Dalai Lamas belong. Dorje Shugden has become the symbolic focal point of a conflict over the "purity" of the Gelug school and the inclusion of non-Gelug teachings,especially Nyingma ones.
The 11th Panchen Lama controversy centers on the 28 year-long enforced disappearance of Gedhun Choekyi Nyima and on the recognition of the 11th Kunsik Panchen Lama. The Panchen Lama is considered the second most important spiritual leader in Tibetan Buddhism after the Dalai Lama. Following the death of the 10th Panchen Lama,the 14th Dalai Lama recognized Gedhun Choekyi Nyima in 1995. Three days later,the People's Republic of China (PRC) abducted the Panchen Lama and his family. Months later,the PRC chose Gyaincain Norbu as its proxy Panchen Lama. During the traditional search process led by Chadrel Rinpoche,he indicated to the Dalai Lama that all signs pointed to Gedhun Choekyi Nyima,while the Dalai Lamas and Panchen Lamas recognize each other's incarnations. The PRC had established its own search committee,which included Chatral Rinpoche and other monks,and wanted to use a lottery system referred to as the Golden Urn. Neither Gedhun Choekyi Nyima nor his family have been seen since the abduction. Chatral Rinpoche was also arrested by Chinese authorities the day of the abduction.
Gedhun Choekyi Nyima is the 11th Panchen Lama belonging to the Gelugpa school of Tibetan Buddhism,as recognized and announced by the 14th Dalai Lama on 14 May 1995. Three days later on 17 May,the 6-year-old Panchen Lama was kidnapped and forcibly disappeared by the Chinese government,after the State Council of the People's Republic of China failed in its efforts to install a substitute. A Chinese substitute is seen as a political tool to undermine the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama,which traditionally is recognized by the Panchen Lama. Gedhun Choekyi Nyima remains forcibly detained by the Chinese government,along with his family,in an undisclosed location since 1995. His khenpo,Chadrel Rinpoche,and another Gelugpa monk,Jampa Chungla,were also arrested. The United Nations,with the support of numerous states,organizations,and private individuals continue to call for the 11th Panchen Lama's release.
The Tibetan sovereignty debate refers to two political debates. The first political debate is about whether or not the various territories which are within the People's Republic of China (PRC) that are claimed as political Tibet should separate themselves from China and become a new sovereign state. Many of the points in this political debate rest on the points which are within the second historical debate,about whether Tibet was independent or subordinate to China during certain periods of its recent history.
The history of Tibet from 1950 to the present includes the Chinese invasion of Tibet in 1950,and the Battle of Chamdo. Before then,Tibet had been a de facto independent nation. In 1951,Tibetan representatives in Beijing signed the Seventeen Point Agreement under duress,which affirmed China's sovereignty over Tibet while it simultaneously supported the establishment of an autonomous administration which would be led by Tibet's spiritual leader,and then-political leader,the 14th Dalai Lama. During the 1959 Tibetan uprising,when Tibetans attempted to prevent his possible assassination,the Dalai Lama escaped from Tibet and moved to northern India,where he established the Central Tibetan Administration,which rescinded the Seventeen Point Agreement. The majority of Tibet's land mass,including all of U-Tsang and areas of Kham and Amdo,was officially established as the Tibet Autonomous Region,within China,in 1965.
The 2008 Tibetan unrest,also referred to as the 2008 Tibetan uprising in Tibetan media,was a series of protests and demonstrations over the Chinese government's treatment and persecution of Tibetans. Protests in Lhasa,the capital of Tibet,by monks and nuns on 10 March have been viewed as the start of the demonstrations. Numerous peaceful protests and demonstrations were held to commemorate the 49th anniversary of the 1959 Tibetan Uprising Day,when the 14th Dalai Lama escaped from Tibet. The protests and demonstrations spread spontaneously to a number of monasteries and throughout the Tibetan plateau,including into counties located outside the designated Tibet Autonomous Region. The arrest of monks at Labrang Monastery increased the tension of the situation. Violence began when Chinese police and People's Liberation Army units used force on non-violent protests by monks and nuns,and spread when protesting Tibetans later clashed with security forces. Clashes also occurred between Tibetans and Chinese Han and Hui residents,resulting in Han and Hui stores and buildings being destroyed and numerous Chinese civilians being injured or killed.
The Tibetan Parliament in Exile (TPiE),officially the Parliament of the Central Tibetan Administration,is the unicameral and highest legislative organ of the Central Tibetan Administration,the government-in-exile of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. It was established and is based in Dharamshala,India. The creation of this democratically elected body has been one of the major changes that the 14th Dalai Lama brought about in his efforts to introduce a democratic system of administration.
The sinicization of Tibet includes the programs and laws of the Chinese government and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to force cultural assimilation in Tibetan areas of China,including the Tibet Autonomous Region and surrounding Tibetan-designated autonomous areas. The efforts are undertaken by China in order to remake Tibetan culture into mainstream Chinese culture.
The 1987–1989 Tibetan unrest was a series of protests and demonstrations that called for Tibetan independence. These protests took place between September 1987 and March 1989 in the Tibet Autonomous Region,in the Tibetan regions of Sichuan,and Qinghai,as well as the Tibetan prefectures in Yunnan and Gansu. Protests began shortly after the Dalai Lama,the religious and temporal leader of Tibet exiled in India since the 1959 Tibetan unrest,proposed a Five Point Peace Plan regarding the “status of Tibet”on September 21,1987,which was subsequently rejected by the Chinese government. The Plan advocated for greater respect and autonomy of the Tibetan people,and claimed that “Tibet was a fully independent state when the People’s Liberation Army invaded the country in 1949-50.”China rejected the idea of Tibetans as an invaded people,stating that “Tibet is an inalienable part of Chinese territory”and has been for hundreds of years. The Tibetan sovereignty debate is longstanding,and the Tibetan assertion that they are a separate and unique people invaded by China has become a central argument for their independence.
The 14th Dalai Lama,known to the Tibetan people as Gyalwa Rinpoche,is,as the incumbent Dalai Lama,the highest spiritual leader and head of Tibet. He is considered a living Bodhisattva;specifically,an emanation of Avalokiteśvara in Sanskrit,and Chenrezig in Tibetan. He is also the leader and a monk of the Gelug school,the newest school of Tibetan Buddhism,formally headed by the Ganden Tripa. The central government of Tibet,the Ganden Phodrang,invested the Dalai Lama with temporal duties until his exile in 1959.
Lobsang Sangay is a Tibetan-American politician in exile who was Kalon Tripa of the Tibetan Administration in India from 2011 to 2012,and Sikyong of the Central Tibetan Administration in India from 2012 to 2021.
The Tibetan diaspora are the diaspora of Tibetan people living outside Tibet.
Lodi Gyaltsen Gyari Rinpoche,Kasur Lodi Gyari or "as he is universally known to the Tibetan-speaking world,Gyari Rinpoche" was a Tibetan politician,and journalist who served as the 14th Dalai Lama's special envoy to the United States. Exiled to India in 1959,he was also the executive chairman of the International Campaign for Tibet.
Human rights in Tibet are a contentious issue. Reported abuses of human rights in Tibet include restricted freedom of religion,belief,and association;arbitrary arrest;maltreatment in custody,including torture;and forced abortion and sterilization. The status of religion,mainly as it relates to figures who are both religious and political,such as the exile of the 14th Dalai Lama,is a regular object of criticism. Additionally,freedom of the press in China is absent,with Tibet's media tightly controlled by the Chinese leadership,making it difficult to accurately determine the scope of human rights abuses.
Padma Choling is a Chinese retired politician of Tibetan ethnicity. He was the eighth chairman of the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR),but in January 2013,was replaced by his deputy Losang Jamcan. Later he served as the Tibet Autonomous Region People's Congress. As Chairman of TAR,Choling was the "most senior ethnic Tibetan in the regional government",though he was subordinate to the TAR Communist Party Chief Zhang Qingli,and later his successor Chen Quanguo.
Protests and uprisings in Tibet against the government of the People's Republic of China have occurred since 1950,and include the 1959 uprising,the 2008 uprising,and the subsequent self-immolation protests.
Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party are a series of policies and practices,including the promotion of state atheism,coupled with its persecution of people with spiritual or religious beliefs,in the People's Republic of China. Antireligious campaigns were launched in 1949,after the Chinese Communist Revolution,and they continue to be waged against Buddhists,Christians,Muslims,and members of other religious communities in the 21st century. State campaigns against religion have escalated since Xi Jinping became General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party on November 15,2012. For Christians,government decrees have mandated the widespread removal of crosses from churches,and in some cases,they have also mandated the destruction of houses of worship,such as the Catholic Three Rivers Church in the city of Wenzhou. In Tibet,similar decrees have mandated the destruction of Tibetan Buddhist monastic centers,the destruction of sacred Buddhist sites,the destruction of monastic residences,the denial of the Tibetan people's right to freely access their cultural heritage,the ongoing persecution of high Buddhist lamas,and the ongoing persecution of Buddhist nuns and monks. Reports which document the existence of forced re-education camps,arrests,beatings,rape,and the destruction of religious sites in Tibet are also being published with regard to the Uyghur people,who are being subjected to an ongoing genocide.
Lobsang Nyandak,sometimes written Lobsang Nyendak also called Lobsang Nyandak Zayul is a Tibetan diplomat and politician. born in 1965 in Kalimpong,India where he performed his studies in Herbertpur and at Panjab University in Chandigarh. There,he held functions at Tibetan Youth Congress before becoming the founding Executive Director of the Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy. Member of the National Democratic Party of Tibet,he was elected deputy and was selected as a minister by Samdhong Rinpoche,the first elected Kalon Tripa of Central Tibetan Administration (CTA). He then was the Representative of the 14th Dalai Lama to the Americas and became president of The Tibet Fund.
The Tibetan Policy and Support Act is a federal law that outlines United States policy on Tibet.
