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The United States district courts are the trial courts of the U.S. federal judiciary. There is one district court for each federal judicial district. Each district covers one U.S. state or a portion of a state. There is at least one federal courthouse in each district,and many districts have more than one. District court decisions are appealed to the U.S. court of appeals for the circuit in which they reside,except for certain specialized cases that are appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit or directly to the U.S. Supreme Court.
The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following federal judicial districts:
Riparian water rights is a system for allocating water among those who possess land along its path. It has its origins in English common law. Riparian water rights exist in many jurisdictions with a common law heritage,such as Canada,Australia,New Zealand,and states in the eastern United States.
Carl Edmond Stewart is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. He was appointed by Bill Clinton in 1994,and previously sat as a judge of the Louisiana Circuit Courts of Appeal from 1985 to 1994.
A body of water,such as a river,canal or lake,is navigable if it is deep,wide and calm enough for a water vessel to pass safely. Such a navigable water is called a waterway,and is preferably with few obstructions against direct traverse that need avoiding,such as rocks,reefs or trees. Bridges built over waterways must have sufficient clearance. High flow speed may make a channel unnavigable due to risk of ship collisions. Waters may be unnavigable because of ice,particularly in winter or high-latitude regions. Navigability also depends on context:a small river may be navigable by smaller craft such as a motorboat or a kayak,but unnavigable by a larger freighter or cruise ship. Shallow rivers may be made navigable by the installation of locks that regulate flow and increase upstream water level,or by dredging that deepens parts of the stream bed.
Walter Louis Nixon Jr. is a former United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi who in 1989 was impeached by the House of Representatives and removed from office by the Senate. Because Nixon's impeachment was for perjury,the case was cited as a precedent in the impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton.
Leslie Harburd Southwick is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit and a former judge of the Mississippi Court of Appeals.
Halil Suleyman "Sul" Ozerden is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi and a former nominee to be a Circuit Judge for the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
St. Louis v. Myers,113 U.S. 566 (1885),was a motion to dismiss for want of a federal question to give jurisdiction regarding Acts that admitted Missouri into the Union while leaving the rights of riparian owners on the Mississippi River to be settled according to the principles of state law and relinquishing to the City of St. Louis the rights of the United States in wharves and thoroughfares,which did not authorize the city to impair the rights of other riparian proprietors by extending streets into the river.
During President Ronald Reagan's presidency,he nominated two people for the Supreme Court and at least twelve people for various federal appellate judgeships who were not confirmed. In some cases,the nominations were not processed by the Democratic-controlled Senate Judiciary Committee before Reagan's presidency ended,while in other cases,nominees were rejected by the Senate Judiciary Committee or even blocked by unfriendly members of the Republican Party. Three of the nominees were renominated by Reagan's successor,President George H. W. Bush. Two of the nominees,Ferdinand Francis Fernandez and Guy G. Hurlbutt,were nominated after July 1,1988,the traditional start date of the unofficial Thurmond Rule during a presidential election year. Eight of the thirteen seats eventually were filled by appointees of President George H. W. Bush.
Carl Joseph Barbier is a senior United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana.
Benjamin Franklin Cameron was an American jurist from the state of Mississippi. He served as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit from 1955 to 1964. The Fifth Circuit was a key court during the civil rights era in the 1950s and 1960s as it covered Alabama,Georgia,Florida,Louisiana,Mississippi and Texas,all of which had varying levels of racial segregation. During his tenure,Cameron,a segregationist,often found himself in the minority of civil-rights cases,with a group of more liberal judges,known as the Fifth Circuit Four,overturning Jim Crow laws. Shortly before his death,he charged the Chief Judge of the circuit with purposefully assigning these judges to cases with the intent of overturning segregation.
Montana v. United States,450 U.S. 544 (1981),was a Supreme Court case that addressed two issues:(1) Whether the title of the Big Horn Riverbed rested with the United States,in trust for the Crow Tribe or passed to the State of Montana upon becoming a state and (2) Whether Crow Tribe retained the power to regulate hunting and fishing on tribal lands owned in fee-simple by a non-tribal member. First,the Court held that Montana held title to the Big Horn Riverbed because the Equal Footing Doctrine required the United States to pass title to the newly incorporated State. Second,the Court held that Crow Tribe lacked the power to regulate nonmember hunting and fishing on fee-simple land owned by nonmembers,but within the bounds of its reservation. More broadly,the Court held that Tribes could not exercise regulatory authority over nonmembers on fee-simple land within the reservation unless (1) the nonmember entered a "consensual relationship" with the Tribe or its members or (2) the nonmember's "conduct threatens or has some direct effect on the political integrity,the economic security,or the health or welfare of the tribe."
Carlton Wayne Reeves is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi and chair of the United States Sentencing Commission.
James Wesley Hendrix is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas and former assistant United States attorney for the same district. He presides over the Northern District's Lubbock,Abilene,and San Angelo Divisions,which account for 47 of the Northern District's 100 counties,and span an area larger than Pennsylvania.
Terry Alvin Doughty is the Chief United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana. Nominated by President Donald Trump,Doughty served as a judge on the Fifth Judicial District Court in Louisiana from 2009 to 2018.
Stuart Kyle Duncan is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. He was appointed to the court by President Donald Trump in 2017 and confirmed in 2018.
The Supreme Court of the United States has original jurisdiction in a small class of cases described in Article III,section 2,of the United States Constitution and further delineated by statute.
James David Cain Jr. is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana.
References
- ↑ Hearings before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, Second Session, on Confirmation of Appointees to the Federal Judiciary, May 14; June 18; July 16; July 30, 1998. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1999. p. 445.
- ↑ "US federal judge declares boating illegal in all US navigable waters".
- ↑ "Judge rules much of Mississippi River off-limits to anglers".
- ↑ "American Whitewater - Court Ruling Limits Recreational Rights on Rivers". www.americanwhitewater.org.
