The Organization of American States is an international organization founded on 30 April 1948 to promote cooperation among its member states within the Americas.
Otto Juan Reich is an American diplomat and lobbyist who worked in the administrations of Presidents Ronald Reagan,George H. W. Bush,and George W. Bush. Reich was born in Cuba;his family moved to North Carolina when he was fifteen. He graduated from University of North Carolina in 1966,and after a two-year stint in the US Army,received a master's degree from Georgetown University in 1973. After graduating,Reich worked for the state and federal governments in Florida and Washington,D.C.
The Charter of the Organization of the American States is a Pan-American treaty that sets out the creation of the Organization of American States. It was signed at the Ninth International Conference of American States of 30 April 1948,held in Bogotá,Colombia. The treaty came into effect on 13 December 1951.
The Cuban–American lobby are various groups of Cuban exiles in the United States and their descendants who have historically influenced the United States' policy toward Cuba. In general usage,this refers to anti-Castro groups.
In the United States government,the Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs (WHA) is a part of the U.S. Department of State,charged with implementing U.S. foreign policy and promoting U.S. interests in the Western Hemisphere,as well as advising the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs.
James Curtis Struble is a former United States ambassador to Peru. Struble is a member of the Senior Foreign Service with the rank of Minister Counselor. He has worked in U.S. embassies in Ecuador,Thailand,Honduras,Spain,Russia and Mexico.
Despite being a founding member of the Organization of American States (OAS),Cuba was effectively suspended from 31 January 1962 to 3 June 2009. Thus,for almost the entire time that the OAS has been operating,Cuba has been barred from sending representatives to the OAS and effectively had its membership suspended. It was not until 3 June 2009 that foreign ministers of OAS member countries assembled for the OAS's 39th General Assembly in San Pedro Sula,Honduras,passed a vote to lift Cuba's suspension from the OAS.
Bilateral relations between the various countries of Latin America and the United States of America have been multifaceted and complex,at times defined by strong regional cooperation and at others filled with economic and political tension and rivalry. Although relations between the U.S. government and most of Latin America were limited prior to the late 1800s,for most of the past century,the United States has unofficially regarded parts of Latin America as within its sphere of influence,and for much of the Cold War (1947–1991),vied with the Soviet Union.
Michael Elias Baroody is an American lobbyist.
Mauricio Claver-Carone is an American lawyer,investor,and lobbyist. He was an official in the Treasury Department and National Security Council in the Donald Trump Administration. He was nominated and elected as the first American President of the Inter-American Development Bank,a position he held from October 2020 until September 26,2022.
Hugo Llorens is a retired American diplomat. He is a former U.S. Special Chargéd'Affaires of the U.S. Embassy in Kabul,Afghanistan,(2016–17) and United States Ambassador to Honduras (2008–2011). In his 36-year career he was posted to numerous countries spanning 6 continents. In 2002–2003,he joined the White House staff and served as Director of Andean Affairs advising the President and National Security Advisor on issues pertaining to Colombia,Venezuela,Bolivia,Peru,and Ecuador.
International reaction to the 2009 Honduran coup d'état of June 28,2009,was that the coup was widely repudiated around the globe. The United Nations,every other country in the Western Hemisphere and others,publicly condemned the military-led 2009 Honduran coup d'état and ouster of Honduran President Manuel Zelaya as illegal and most labelled it a coup d'état. The Obama administration,along with all other governments in the hemisphere,branded the action a "coup." Every country in the region,except the United States,withdrew their ambassadors from Honduras. All ambassadors of the European Union were recalled. Venezuela said it would suspend oil shipments,and Honduras's neighbors —El Salvador,Guatemala and Nicaragua - stopped overland trade for 48 hours. The World Bank and Inter-American Development Bank suspended lending to Honduras.
The 2009 Honduran coup d'état,which took place during the 2009 Honduran constitutional crisis,occurred after President Manuel Zelaya failed to follow a Honduran Supreme Court ruling. On 28 June 2009,the Honduran Army ousted him and sent him into exile. Zelaya had attempted to schedule a non-binding poll to hold a referendum on convening a constituent assembly for writing a new constitution. Despite court orders to cease,Zelaya refused to comply,and the Honduran Supreme Court issued a secret arrest warrant dated 26 June. Two days later,Honduran soldiers stormed the president's house in the middle of the night,detained him,and thwarted the poll. Instead of putting him on trial,the army put him on a military plane and flew him to Costa Rica. Later that day,after reading a resignation letter of disputed authenticity,the Honduran Congress voted to remove Zelaya from office and appointed Head of Congress Roberto Micheletti,his constitutional successor,to complete his term. This was the first coup to occur in the country since 1978.
The 1991 Haitian coup d'état took place on 29 September 1991,when President Jean-Bertrand Aristide,elected eight months earlier in the 1990–91 Haitian general election,was deposed by the Armed Forces of Haiti. Haitian military officers,primarily Army General Raoul Cédras,Army Chief of Staff Philippe Biamby and Chief of the National Police,Michel François led the coup. Aristide was sent into exile,his life only saved by the intervention of U.S.,French,and Venezuelan diplomats. Aristide would later return to power in 1994.
Haiti–Venezuela relations are relations between Haiti and Venezuela. Venezuela has an embassy in Port-au-Prince,and Haiti has an embassy in Caracas.
Luis Leonardo Almagro Lemes is a Uruguayan lawyer,diplomat,and politician who currently serves as the 10th Secretary General of the Organization of American States (OAS) since 2015. A former member of the Broad Front,Almagro served as Minister of Foreign Relations of Uruguay from 2010 to 2015 under president JoséMujica.
Jaime R. Harrison is an American lawyer and politician who is the chair of the Democratic National Committee. He was chair of the South Carolina Democratic Party from 2013 to 2017. Harrison ran against Senator Lindsey Graham in the 2020 United States Senate election in South Carolina,he was defeated by ten points.
The participation of the United States in regime change in Latin America involved US-backed coup d'états which were aimed at replacing left-wing leaders with right-wing leaders,military juntas,or authoritarian regimes. Intervention of an economic and military variety was prevalent during the Cold War. Although originally in line with the Truman Doctrine of containment,United States involvement in regime change increased following the drafting of NSC 68,which advocated more aggressive actions against potential Soviet allies.
Michael G. Kozak is an American diplomat in the United States Department of State who served as Acting Assistant Secretary for Western Hemisphere Affairs from 2019 to 2021. He previously served as U.S. Ambassador to Belarus between 2000 and 2003 and chief of mission at the United States Interests Section in Havana between 1996 and 1999,and was a nominee to be U.S. Ambassador to El Salvador in 1991. He achieved a measure of prominence in the 1980s for his attempts to negotiate with Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega to leave power.
