The Romanian School of Neurology influenced a great share of Romanian and foreign neurologists, descending from a group of Gheorghe Marinescu's co-workers at the Neurological Department of the Colentina Hospital at the University of Bucharest. One can therefore also speak of Marinescu's School of Neurology.
Marinescu's closest collaborators were Ion Minea (with contributions to neuroinfections), Anghel Radovici (with whom Marinescu described the kinn reflex, author of the monograph La Syphilis nerveuse, 1928), Nicolae Ionescu-Sisești (who was his successor as head of the department, author of the monographs Tumeurs Médullaires, 1929, Syringobulbie, 1932), State Drăgănescu (author of the book Lichidul cefalo-rahidian (The Cerebrospinal Fluid), 1932 and of the monograph Encefalite Virotice Umane (Human Viral Encephalitis, 1962, with Arcadie Petrescu), Oskar Sager (Head of the department after the death oh N. Ionescu-Siseşti in 1954, author of studies on the physiology of the thalamus with J. G. Dusser de Barenne), Arthur Kreindler (co-author of the Marinescu's monograph Les Reflexes Conditionnelles, 1935, author of the monographs Epilepsia (Epilepsy), 1955, La Physiologie et Physiopathologie du cervelet, 1958, with Mircea Steriade, Anatomo-fiziologia clinică a sistemului nervos central (Clinical anatomo-physiology of the central nervous system), 1957, with Vlad Voiculescu), Afazia (Aphasia, 1962, with Alexandru Fradis), Emmerich Façon (contributions to clinical neurology and neuroinfections).[citation needed]
Starting from 1954, Arthur Kreindler, in his double position as director of the Institute of Neurology of the Romanian Academy and head of the post-graduate chair of Neurology at the University of Bucharest, surrounded himself with personalities like State Drăgănescu, Theodor Horneţ and Vlad Voiculescu. The chair organized post-graduate specialization in neurology, training many neurologists all over the country.
A. Kreindler (ed.), Epilepsia. Cercetări clinice și experimentale, Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, 1955
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Aphasia is an inability to comprehend or formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. The major causes are stroke and head trauma. Aphasia can also be the result of brain tumors, brain infections, or neurodegenerative diseases, but the latter are far less prevalent.
Epilepsy is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. Epileptic seizures can vary from brief and nearly undetectable periods to long periods of vigorous shaking due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. These episodes can result in physical injuries, either directly such as broken bones or through causing accidents. In epilepsy, seizures tend to recur and may have no immediate underlying cause. Isolated seizures that are provoked by a specific cause such as poisoning are not deemed to represent epilepsy. People with epilepsy may be treated differently in various areas of the world and experience varying degrees of social stigma due to their condition.
Neurology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system. Neurology deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all categories of conditions and disease involving the central and peripheral nervous systems, including their coverings, blood vessels, and all effector tissue, such as muscle. Neurological practice relies heavily on the field of neuroscience, the scientific study of the nervous system.
An epileptic seizure, informally known as a seizure, is a period of symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Outward effects vary from uncontrolled shaking movements involving much of the body with loss of consciousness, to shaking movements involving only part of the body with variable levels of consciousness, to a subtle momentary loss of awareness. Most of the time these episodes last less than two minutes and it takes some time to return to normal. Loss of bladder control may occur.
The University of Bucharest, commonly known after its abbreviation UB in Romania, is a public university founded on 4 July 1864 by a decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza to convert the former Princely Academy into the current University of Bucharest, making it the second oldest modern Romanian university. It is one of the five members of the Universitaria Consortium.
Gheorghe Marinescu was a Romanian neurologist, founder of the Romanian School of Neurology.
Ion N. Petrovici is a German neurologist, professor of neurology and psychiatry at the University of Cologne.
An aura is a perceptual disturbance experienced by some with epilepsy or migraine. An epileptic aura is a seizure.
Granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) of dogs and, rarely, cats. It is a form of meningoencephalitis. GME is likely second only to encephalitis caused by canine distemper virus as the most common cause of inflammatory disease of the canine CNS. The disease is more common in female dogs of young and middle age. It has a rapid onset. The lesions of GME exist mainly in the white matter of the cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord. The cause is only known to be noninfectious and is considered at this time to be idiopathic. Because lesions resemble those seen in allergic meningoencephalitis, GME is thought to have an immune-mediated cause, but it is also thought that the disease may be based on an abnormal response to an infectious agent. One study searched for viral DNA from canine herpesvirus, canine adenovirus, and canine parvovirus in brain tissue from dogs with GME, necrotizing meningoencephalitis, and necrotizing leukoencephalitis, but failed to find any.
Frederick Andermann, was a Canadian neurologist and epileptologist.
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), also known as Janz syndrome, is a fairly common form of generalized epilepsy of presumed genetic origin ,, and is also known as “Castels and Mendilaharsu Syndrome” in South America, representing 5-10% of all epilepsy cases. JME is a permanent syndrome, start of which is during adolescence and is the most common of genetic generalized epilepsy syndromes. However, now the idiopathic generalized epilepsy version is no longer accepted and it is considered to be a system disorder wherein the ictogenesis is in distributed bilateral neural networks that primarily involve selective areas of the neocortex and thalamus. This disorder typically first manifests itself between the ages of 12 and 18 with sudden brief involuntary single or multiple episodes of muscle(s) contractions caused by an abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. The typical onset age for JME is between 12 and 18 years, but the symptoms can begin anywhere from 6 years to 36 years. These events typically occur either early in the morning or upon sleep deprivation. JME reported as inherited idiopathic epilepsy syndrome (generalized). The impairment in frontal lobe executive function has been find out in the patient with JME. The findings of neurobehavioral assessment showed the impairment in working memory along with executive functions. The patients with JME displayed the abnormality in motor cortex activations.
Todd's paresis is focal weakness in a part or all of the body after a seizure. This weakness typically affects appendages and is localized to either the left or right side of the body. It usually subsides completely within 48 hours. Todd's paresis may also affect speech, eye position (gaze), or vision.
Gabriela Adameșteanu is a Romanian novelist, short story writer, essayist, journalist, and translator. The author of the celebrated novels The Equal Way of Every Day (1975) and Wasted Morning (1983), she is also known as an activist in support of civil society and member of the Group for Social Dialogue (GDS), as well as editor of Revista 22.
John Michael Newsom-Davis was a neurologist who played an important role in the discovery of the causes of, and treatments for, Myasthenia gravis, and of other diseases of the nerve-muscle junction, notably Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome and acquired neuromyotonia. Regarded as "one of the most distinguished clinical neurologists and medical scientists of his generation," he died in a car accident in Adjud, Romania, having visited a neurological clinic in Bucharest earlier the same day.
Constantin Freiherr von Economo was an Austrian psychiatrist and neurologist of Greek descent, born in modern-day Romania. He is mostly known for his discovery of encephalitis lethargica and his atlas of cytoarchitectonics of the cerebral cortex.
Taisiya Sergeevna Osintseva was a Russian Professor of Neurology, The Honored Scientist of Russia, and The Honorary Professor of the Izhevsk State Medical Academy.
Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), also known as refractory epilepsy or pharmacoresistant epilepsy, is defined as failure of adequate trials of two tolerated and appropriately chosen and used antiepileptic drugs to achieve sustained seizure freedom. The probability that the next medication will achieve seizure freedom drops with every failed AED. For example, after two failed AEDs, the probability that the third will achieve seizure freedom is around 4%. Drug-resistant epilepsy is commonly diagnosed after several years of uncontrolled seizures, however, in most cases, it is evident much earlier. Approximately 30% of people with epilepsy have a drug-resistant form.
Kurupath Radhakrishnan is an Indian neurologist and epileptologist, who has established R Madhavan Nayar Center for Comprehensive Epilepsy Care, (RMNC) at Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST) Thiruvananthapuram, India. He has contributed for the resurgence of epilepsy surgery in India during 1990s, after the decline in 1970s. He also served as the director of SCTIMST from 2009 - 2013. After his retirement he worked at the Department of Neurology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India; and at the Department of Neurology, Amrita Advanced Epilepsy Center, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India. Currently he is working as a senior Consultant, Department of Neurosciences, Avitis Institute of Medical Sciences, Nemmara, Palakkad, Kerala, India.
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