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Rowan Downing, QC , an Australian barrister and international jurist, is a member of the international judiciary of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. [1] [2]
In 1971 Downing was awarded a Commonwealth Government Scholarship to study for a Bachelor of Laws and Bachelor of Arts degrees. He was a resident of Ormond College from 1971 to 1975 and a tutor in law at Whitley College and the College of Legal Training from 1977 to 1980. He completed a Master of Laws degree in 1980 from the Melbourne Law School.
Downing is a senior Australian lawyer who has worked on aid projects since 1993. He was a judge of the Supreme Court and Court of Appeal in Vanuatu from 1993 to 1995 as part of AusAID. During this period he provided continuing legal education courses to members of the legal profession and introduced new processes in the courts for the protection of women and children. Following this period he returned to the Victorian Bar where his practice included commercial law, company law, administrative law, employment law, finance and trade law, regulatory law, land law, criminal law, banking law and human rights law. He was frequently involved in commercial projects and administrative law, human resources and regulatory work for the Asian Development Bank, including an SME development project in the Lao PDR and a review of the employment and administrative law regulations of the Bank, as a staff consultant. He returned to Vanuatu in 1999 and was the Solicitor General until 2002. He established the Financial Intelligence Unit of Vanuatu and subsequently worked to establish like units in Indonesia and Samoa. He has advised the State Bank of Vietnam and many donors in respect of the design of projects to assist the development of the legal sector in failed, conflicted and developing nations.
In 2006 he took up a position as an international judge for the United Nations Assistance to the Khmer Rouge Tribunal (UNAKRT) at the Extraordinary Chambers of the Courts of Cambodia, initially working half time and then from 2010, full-time. [3] Prior to working full-time in Cambodia with the United Nations, he maintained his practice and also worked on international aid projects in 14 countries.
In December 2014, Rowan was voted by the UN General Assembly to the bench of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal in Geneva.
Rowan Downing is a proud father and grandfather.
A tribunal, generally, is any person or institution with authority to judge, adjudicate on, or determine claims or disputes—whether or not it is called a tribunal in its title. For example, an advocate who appears before a court with a single judge could describe that judge as "their tribunal." Many governmental bodies that are titled as "tribunals" are described so in order to emphasize that they are not courts of normal jurisdiction. For example, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda was a body specially constituted under international law; in Great Britain, employment tribunals are bodies set up to hear specific employment disputes. In many cases, the word tribunal implies a judicial body with a lesser degree of formality than a court, in which the normal rules of evidence and procedure may not apply, and whose presiding officers are frequently neither judges, nor magistrates. Private judicial bodies are also often styled "tribunals." The word tribunal, however, is not conclusive of a body's function—for example, in Great Britain, the Employment Appeal Tribunal is a superior court of record.
International courts are formed by treaties between nations or under the authority of an international organization such as the United Nations and include ad hoc tribunals and permanent institutions but exclude any courts arising purely under national authority.
Duncan James Colquhoun Kerr, SC is a barrister. He is a former justice of the Federal Court of Australia. He also served as President of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal from 2012 to 2017.
Francis M. Ssekandi, is a lecturer in law at the Columbia Law School and, since 1 July 2007, a judge of the World Bank Administrative Tribunal. He has published on law and development, human rights and good governance. Ssekandi is a former judge in the High Court/Justice of Appeal (1972–1974) and a member of the Uganda Supreme Court (1974–1979).
Whitley College is a Baptist theological institute in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The college is associated with the Baptist Union of Victoria and is one of the theological schools of the University of Divinity.
John Hocking of Australia is the United Nations Assistant Secretary-General, Registrar of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). He served concurrently as the Registrar of the Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals (UNMICT) from January 2012 until December 2016.
The Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, commonly known as the Cambodia Tribunal or Khmer Rouge Tribunal (សាលាក្ដីខ្មែរក្រហម), was a court established to try the senior leaders and the most responsible members of the Khmer Rouge for alleged violations of international law and serious crimes perpetrated during the Cambodian genocide. Although it was a national court, it was established as part of an agreement between the Royal Government of Cambodia and the United Nations, and its members included both local and foreign judges. It was considered a hybrid court, as the ECCC was created by the government in conjunction with the UN, but remained independent of them, with trials being held in Cambodia using Cambodian and international staff. The Cambodian court invited international participation in order to apply international standards.
Peter Cadden Heerey was a judge of the Federal Court of Australia from 1990 to 2009.
In the United Kingdom, a tribunal is a specialist court with jurisdiction over a certain area of civil law. They are generally designed to be more informal and accessible than 'traditional' courts.
Anees Ahmed is an Indian lawyer. He served as the Chief of Judicial and Legal Affairs, and formerly the Head of Chambers, of the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.
Brenda J. Hollis, is an American lawyer. She was appointed by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon as Prosecutor of the Special Court for Sierra Leone in February 2010, replacing Stephen Rapp. Hollis was the Chief Prosecutor at the Special Court and served as the lead prosecutor in the trial and appeal of the case against Charles Taylor, the former President of Liberia. Hollis previously served as the Prosecutor of the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone, which replaced the Special Court in December 2013; currently James Johnson, an adjunct professor at Case Western Reserve University School of Law, serves as the Chief Prosecutor for the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone. She also serves as the Reserve International Co-Prosecutor for the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, and works as a consultant in international criminal law and procedure.
The Government agencies in Bangladesh are state controlled organizations that act independently to carry out the policies of the Government of Bangladesh. The Government Ministries are relatively small and merely policy-making organizations, allowed to control agencies by policy decisions. Some of the work of the government is carried out through state enterprises or limited companies.
Florence Ndepele Mwachande Mumba, commonly referred to as Florence Mumba, is a Zambian judge at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, also known as the Khmer Rouge Tribunal or the Cambodia Tribunal. She has also previously served in the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and as well as a Supreme Court Judge in Zambia.
Robyn Ann Layton is an Australian lawyer, who worked in a diverse range of legal roles, including as a judge of the Supreme Court of South Australia and judge of the South Australian Industrial Court. She was author of the South Australian Child Protection review known as "the Layton report" in 2003, and a member and then chair of the International Labour Organization's Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations from 1993 to 2008.
Agnieszka Klonowiecka-Milart is a Polish judge and member of the United Nations Dispute Tribunal. She was formerly a judge of the Khmer Rouge Tribunal and Supreme Court of Kosovo.
The Supreme Court of Cambodia is the highest Court in the judiciary of Cambodia, under the supervision of the Supreme Council of the Magistrature. It is located in the royal capital of Phnom Penh, and is regulated under Article 55 to Article 73 of the 2014 Cambodian Law on Court Organization.
The Judiciary of Cambodia is independent from the rest of the government of Cambodia, as specified by the Cambodian Constitution. The judiciary follows civil law tradition, the instruction being entrusted to a judge and the prosecutors contenting themselves with requesting the application of the law.
Christopher William Bellamy, Baron Bellamy,, is a British barrister and former judge.
Sir Marcus Alexander Smith is a British High Court judge.
The law of Cambodia refers to the legal system of the judiciary of Cambodia, which is primarily based on legal codes and statutes, with precedents and local custom also playing an important role. Cambodia has a civil law legal system with legal codes, which were greatly influenced by France, to a lesser extent by Japan, and also adapted to Cambodian circumstances. The Constitution of Cambodia enacted with the restoration of Monarchy in 1993 and it is the supreme law in Cambodia. An independent judiciary has the power to review laws and government acts for constitutionality.
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