The Royal University of San Felipe (Spanish: Real Universidad de San Felipe) was a university created by King Philip V in 1738, in territory which was then part of the Kingdom of Spain.[1] It was officially founded in Santiago in 1747 and began teaching activities in 1758.[2] It is the immediate predecessor of the University of Chile (1843).
In the early 17th century the bishop of Santiago, Fray Juan Pérez de Espinosa, wrote to the King of Spain requesting a university for his city. He emphasized the benefits to the provinces of Buenos Aires, Tucumán, and Paraguay, and the fact that Chileans who were traveling to study at the University of San Marcos in Lima, Peru, rarely returned to Chile.[3]
In a letter dated 2 December 1713 the mayor of Santiago, Francisco Ruiz de Berecedo, formally proposed to the cabildo (colonial council) to bring up to the King the request to authorize the creation of a university in Chile.
In 1724 the cabildo of Santiago named Manuel Antonio Valcarce Velasco as deputy procurator[es] of the city before the Court of Spain, to carry out the decree.
In 1727 the cabildo appointed Tomás de Azúa[es] as deputy procurator before the Court of Spain, to obtain the titles of cities (San Fernando, Linares), the creation of a mint, and the creation of the university. He achieved the latter by proposing to the King that it be financed by voluntary expenditures of the residents of Santiago.
On 28 July 1738, in San Ildefonso, Spain, King Philip V signed the Royal Decree of fundación, erección y establecimiento (foundation, erection and establishment) of a university in Santiago, under invocation of the patron saint of the city, San Felipe.
History
On 11 March 1747 the Royal University of San Felipe was formally established. That day its main promoter, Tomás de Azúa, was elected its first rector.
However, classes did not start until 9 January 1758, 11 years later, with a course of law. As expected, it was guided by the parameters established for the oldest universities of Spanish America, such as the University of San Marcos in Lima, Del Rosario University in Bogotá, and the original University of Mexico. Through the University of San Marcos it received access to resources of the University of Salamanca, Spain.
The real organizer of the university is considered to be Valeriano de Ahumada y Ramírez de Carvajal, a learned scholar who was its vice chancellor from 1757 to 1765, and third rector from 1758 to 1759. He organized courses, controlled the attendance of students and teachers, and was a tenacious opposer of the awarding of titles to those who did not meet academic requirements (buying degrees was common at that time). Paseo Ahumada, a street in downtown Santiago, was named in honor of him and his ancestors.
Like its counterparts in Mexico and Lima, the University of San Felipe had faculties of Theology, Philosophy, Law, Medicine, and Mathematics.[1] It graduated more than a thousand students, some of them from the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, Córdoba, Cuyo, and Salta.[4] It continued in this capacity until 1813, when the university began a process of change as a result of the political independence of Chile.
The university library amassed a significant collection, noted for its “curious" manuscripts relating to indigenous peoples, donated by the Jesuits.[5] The personal collection of Mariano Egaña was donated upon his death in 1846. In 1852, the library formed the basis of the Biblioteca Nacional de Chile.
The institution's structure diminished and ossified. This process led, in 1843, to the founding of the University of Chile, an institution which more closely adhered to cultural and educational ideals of republican society.[6]
When Chile declared independence from Spain on 12 February 1817, the university removed the "Royal" from its name and began to be called simply University of San Felipe.[1]
Following the organization of the Republic in 1835, it began using the name University of San Felipe of the Republic of ChileSpanish: Universidad de San Felipe de la República de Chile. On 17 April 1839 the Minister of Justice, Culture, and Public Instruction, Mariano Egaña, issued a supreme decree declaring the disestablishment of the University of San Felipe, and in its place the creation of the University of Chile, transferring its goods and campus to the latter.[1][6] Its last rector was Monsignor Juan Francisco Meneses Echanes.
To regulate this change from post-colonial relative autonomy to a state institution (which was opposed by the Faculty of Theology), on 26 January 1846 the government decreed the continuity of both institutions for legal purposes.[1]
Importance
In the university's classrooms, the most important figures in the Independence of Chile were educated. In addition, many foreigners who studied there played important parts in the history of Argentina and Paraguay.
Four rectors of the university were Argentines: Pedro Asensio De Tula Bazán y Soria Medrano (second rector), Gregorio Eulogio De Tapia Zegarra y Encinas, José Joaquín De Gaete y Vera Mujica, and José Gregorio De Cabrera y Romero.
Bishop José Antonio Martínez de Aldunate y Garcés, Vice President of the Government Junta of 1810, was rector during a period of intellectual enrichment.
Miguel Eyzaguirre Arechavala, brother of Independence leader and Provisional President Agustín Eyzaguirre, was also rector.
Other Independence figures who attended the university include Bernardo de Vera y Pintado (second Argentine ambassador), Manuel Dorrego (Argentine, served subpoenas to the open cabildo of 1810), José Antonio Álvarez Jonte y Carreño (first Argentine ambassador), the priest Juan Pablo Fretes (Argentine, president of the First National Congress of 1811), Juan Martínez de Rozas (leader of the Government Junta of 1810), Hipólito de Villegas (jurist, deputy, and Minister of Finance under Bernardo O'Higgins), Juan Egaña (constitutionalist, deputy, senator), and Manuel Montt (president of the Republic from 1851 to 1861).
Many members of the open cabildo of 1810, in present-day Argentina, also pursued their studies there, including jurist and government official Miguel Mariano de Villegas[es].
Concepción is a city and commune in south-central Chile, and the geographical and demographic core of the Greater Concepción metropolitan area, one of the three major conurbations in the country. It has a significant impact on domestic trade being part of the most heavily industrialized region in the country. It is the seat of the Concepción Province and the capital of the Bío Bío Region. It sits about 500 km south of the nation's capital, Santiago.
The May Revolution was a week-long series of events that took place from May 18 to 25, 1810, in Buenos Aires, capital of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata. This Spanish colony included roughly the territories of present-day Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and parts of Brazil. The result was the removal of Viceroy Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros and the establishment of a local government, the Primera Junta, on May 25.
Agustín Manuel de Eyzaguirre y Arechavala was a Chilean political figure. He served as Provisional President of Chile between 1826 and 1827.
The General Captaincy of Chile, Governorate of Chile, or Kingdom of Chile, was a territory of the Spanish Empire from 1541 to 1818 that was, initially, part of the Viceroyalty of Peru. It comprised most of modern-day Chile and southern parts of Argentina in the Patagonia region. Its capital was Santiago de Chile. In 1810 it declared itself independent, with the Spanish reconquering the territory in 1814, but in 1818 it gained independence as the Republic of Chile. It had a number of Spanish governors over its long history and several kings.
The Chilean War of Independence was a military and political event that allowed the emancipation of Chile from the Spanish Monarchy, ending the colonial period and initiating the formation of an independent republic.
Francisco Narciso de Laprida was an Argentine lawyer and politician. He was a representative for San Juan at the Congress of Tucumán, and its president on July 9, 1816, when the Declaration of Independence of Argentina was declared.
Domingo Ortiz de Rosas y García de Villasuso, 1st Marquis of Poblaciones (1683–1756) was a Spanish soldier who served as governor of Chile.
Juan José Esteban Paso, was an Argentine politician who participated in the events that started the Argentine War of Independence known as May Revolution of 1810.
Domingo María Cristóbal French was an Argentine revolutionary who took part in the May Revolution and the Argentine War of Independence.
Friar José Camilo Henríquez González was a priest, author, politician, and is considered an intellectual antecedent to and founding father of the Republic of Chile for his passionate leadership and influential writings. He was also one of the most important early South American newspaper writers and wrote several essays, most notably the Proclama de Quirino Lemachez, which promoted Chilean independence and liberty. He also wrote under the pseudonym Quirino Lemachez.
José Tadeo Mancheño y Laso de la Vega was a Chilean political figure.
Antonio Álvarez Jonte was an Argentine politician. He was born in Madrid in 1784 and moved with parents to Córdoba when young. He studied law at Córdoba University and obtained his doctorate at the Real Universidad de San Felipe in Santiago de Chile. He opened a law practice in Buenos Aires, and lived there at the time of the British invasions. He offered his services as volunteer in the militia but was declined due to poor health.
The following is an alphabetical list of articles related to the Republic of Chile.
The May Revolution was a week-long series of revolutionary events that took place from May 18 to May 25, 1810, in Buenos Aires. It started the Argentine War of Independence, and it is considered the birth of modern Argentina.
José Santiago Rodríguez Zorrilla was the 21st bishop of Santiago, Chile, known for his fervent support of the Spanish government during the Chilean War of Independence.
The Convictorio Carolino was a school which operated in Santiago in colonial Chile. Some of the most important figures in the Chilean War of Independence were educated there.
Chilean expansionism refers to the foreign policy of Chile to expand its territorial control over key strategic locations and economic resources as a means to ensure its national security and assert its power in South America. Chile's significant territorial acquisitions, which occurred mostly throughout the 19th century, paved the way for its emergence as a thalassocracy and one of the three most powerful and wealthiest states in South America during the 20th century. It also formed Chile's geopolitical and national identity as a tricontinental state and one of the countries with the longest coastlines in the world.
Domingo de Basavilbaso was a Spanish politician and military, who served during the colonial period of Argentina as alcalde, comandante, procurador and regidor of Buenos Aires. He was the founder of the Basavilbaso family in Buenos Aires, related from the colonial period to the beginning of the 20th century with the main Spanish, Argentine and Uruguayan patrician families.
Bernardo de Vera y Pintado, was an Argentine-Chilean lawyer and politician. He was the author of the lyrics of both the Hymn to the Victory of Yerbas Buenas (1813) and the first National Anthem of Chile (1819).
↑ Thayer Ojeda, Tomás (January 1913). "Las Bibliotecas Coloniales de Chile"[The Colonial Libraries of Chile](PDF). Revista de Bibliografía Chilena y Extranjera (in Spanish). University of Chile (1): 190. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
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