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Rudolf Amann (born 3 June 1961) is a German biochemistriest and microbiologist. He is director of Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology (MPIMM) in Bremen [1] and Professor for Microbial Ecology at the University of Bremen. [2]
Between 1980 and 1986 Amann studied biology and chemistry at the Technical University of Munich (TU Munich), Germany, after which he was a PhD student at the local Department of Microbiology until 1988. In 1988 he received his doctorate from Professor Karl-Heinz Schleifer on the topic "The beta subunit of ATP synthase as a phylogenetic marker in the eubacteria". After a postdoctoral stay at the departments for Veterinary Pathobiology and Microbiology at the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign, USA, in 1990 he joined Professor David A. Stahl as assistant professor at the Department of Microbiology at the Technical University of Munich, Germany. In 1995, Amann habilitated at the Technical University of Munich about the identification of previously non-cultivable microorganisms. [3] Since then he has been doing research at the interface between ecology and taxonomy.
From 1997 to 2001, Amann was head of a Max Planck Research Group at the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology in Bremen, Germany. In 2001, he became a Scientific Member of the Max Planck Society and Director at the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany. Since then, he has headed the Department of Molecular Ecology. In the same year (2001), he was appointed Professor of Microbial Ecology at the University of Bremen, Germany. [2] Since 2002 he is also spokesman for the International Max Planck Research School of Marine Microbiology. [4] From 2014 to 2017 he was chairman of the Biological-Medical Section of the Max Planck Society. [5]
Amann is a member of several professional societies, including the Association for General and Applied Microbiology (VAAM), [6] the American Society for Microbiology (ASM), the International Society for Microbial Ecology (ISME) and the European Academy of Microbiology (EAM). In 2007 he became a member of the National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina. [7] As a reviewer, Amann is primarily active for the German Research Foundation (DFG, selected peer-reviewer 2004–2012) and the European Research Council (ERC). [3] He is co-editor of the journal Systematic and Applied Microbiology . [8]
Prof. Dr. Rudolf Amann has received numerous scientific awards, including the Bergey's Award of the Bergey's Manual Trust, USA (2004), [9] the Lecturer's Prize of the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (1998) [10] and the Körber European Science Prize of the Körber Foundation (1995). [11] [12]
Amann researches the diversity and ecology of microorganisms in marine habitats. He developed molecular techniques to identify and quantify bacteria and archaea. [13] His methods, using nucleic acid probes, have contributed to the discovery of new, previously uncultivated species of microorganisms. [14] His research focuses on the role of microorganisms in global biogeochemical cycles such as the carbon cycle. [15] Amann researches both bacteria and archaea in marine sediments and in the water column. A current focus of his work is on the interaction of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton, which are often controlled by algal polysaccharides as energy sources for heterotrophic bacteria. [15]
His group has optimized a detection method that can be used to determine the bacterial composition of environmental samples – the so-called fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). [16] This method identifies microorganisms based on the sequence of their ribosomal RNA. Specially stained nucleic acid probes bind only to bacteria with a specific RNA. These bacteria can then be identified and counted under the microscope.
As a researcher in the field of biodiversity, Rudolf Amann is also committed to an integrative taxonomy that builds a bridge to other disciplines. Amann calls for a multidisciplinary approach to better understand and classify relationships between genes, organisms and ecosystems with the methods of modern genome research. [17]
A microorganism, or microbe, is an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells.
Pseudomonadota is a major phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. The renaming of several prokaryote phyla in 2021, including Pseudomonadota, remains controversial among microbiologists, many of whom continue to use the earlier name Proteobacteria, of long standing in the literature. The phylum Proteobacteria includes a wide variety of pathogenic genera, such as Escherichia, Salmonella, Vibrio, Yersinia, Legionella, and many others. Others are free-living (non-parasitic) and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation.
Karl Otto Stetter is a German microbiologist and authority on astrobiology. Stetter is an expert on microbial life at high temperatures.
Microbial ecology is the ecology of microorganisms: their relationship with one another and with their environment. It concerns the three major domains of life—Eukaryota, Archaea, and Bacteria—as well as viruses.
In molecular biology, a hybridization probe(HP) is a fragment of DNA or RNA of usually 15–10000 nucleotide long which can be radioactively or fluorescently labeled. HP can be used to detect the presence of nucleotide sequences in analyzed RNA or DNA that are complementary to the sequence in the probe. The labeled probe is first denatured (by heating or under alkaline conditions such as exposure to sodium hydroxide) into single stranded DNA (ssDNA) and then hybridized to the target ssDNA (Southern blotting) or RNA (northern blotting) immobilized on a membrane or in situ.
The Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, or Leibniz Prize, is awarded by the German Research Foundation to "exceptional scientists and academics for their outstanding achievements in the field of research". Since 1986, up to ten prizes have been awarded annually to individuals or research groups working at a research institution in Germany or at a German research institution abroad. It is considered the most important research award in Germany.
The Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology is a research institute for terrestrial microbiology in Marburg, Germany. It was founded in 1991 by Rudolf K. Thauer and is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft). Its sister institute is the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, which was founded a year later in 1992 in Bremen.
The microbial loop describes a trophic pathway where, in aquatic systems, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is returned to higher trophic levels via its incorporation into bacterial biomass, and then coupled with the classic food chain formed by phytoplankton-zooplankton-nekton. In soil systems, the microbial loop refers to soil carbon. The term microbial loop was coined by Farooq Azam, Tom Fenchel et al. in 1983 to include the role played by bacteria in the carbon and nutrient cycles of the marine environment.
Gammaproteobacteria is a class of bacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota. It contains about 250 genera, which makes it the most genus-rich taxon of the Prokaryotes. Several medically, ecologically, and scientifically important groups of bacteria belong to this class. It is composed by all Gram-negative microbes and is the most phylogenetically and physiologically diverse class of Proteobacteria.
The Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology is located in Bremen, Germany. It was founded in 1992, almost a year after the foundation of its sister institute, the Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology at Marburg. In 1996, the institute moved into new buildings at the campus of the University of Bremen. It is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society.
Bacterioplankton refers to the bacterial component of the plankton that drifts in the water column. The name comes from the Ancient Greek word πλανκτος, meaning "wanderer" or "drifter", and bacterium, a Latin term coined in the 19th century by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg. They are found in both seawater and freshwater.
Microbiology is the scientific study of microorganisms, those being of unicellular (single-celled), multicellular, or acellular. Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, bacteriology, protistology, mycology, immunology, and parasitology.
Antje Boetius is a German marine biologist. She is a professor of geomicrobiology at the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, University of Bremen. Boetius received the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize in March 2009 for her study of sea bed microorganisms that affect the global climate. She is also the director of Germany's polar research hub, the Alfred Wegener Institute.
Otto Kandler was a German botanist and microbiologist. Until his retirement in 1986 he was professor of botany at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.
SILVA is a ribosomal RNA database established in collaboration between the Microbial Genomics Group at the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology in Bremen, Germany, the Department of Microbiology at the Technical University Munich, and Ribocon.
A microbiome is the community of microorganisms that can usually be found living together in any given habitat. It was defined more precisely in 1988 by Whipps et al. as "a characteristic microbial community occupying a reasonably well-defined habitat which has distinct physio-chemical properties. The term thus not only refers to the microorganisms involved but also encompasses their theatre of activity". In 2020, an international panel of experts published the outcome of their discussions on the definition of the microbiome. They proposed a definition of the microbiome based on a revival of the "compact, clear, and comprehensive description of the term" as originally provided by Whipps et al., but supplemented with two explanatory paragraphs. The first explanatory paragraph pronounces the dynamic character of the microbiome, and the second explanatory paragraph clearly separates the term microbiota from the term microbiome.
Mark Alexander Lever is a microbial ecologist who studies the role of microorganisms in the global carbon cycle. He is a professor of environmental microbiology in the Department of Environmental Systems Science in the Institute of Biogeochemical and Pollutant Dynamics at ETH Zurich.
Bacterioplankton counting is the estimation of the abundance of bacterioplankton in a specific body of water, which is useful information to marine microbiologists. Various counting methodologies have been developed over the years to determine the number present in the water being observed. Methods used for counting bacterioplankton include epifluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, measures of productivity through frequency of dividing cells (FDC), thymidine incorporation, and leucine incorporation.
Nicole Dubilier is a marine microbiologist and director of the Symbiosis Department at the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology since 2013 and a Professor of Microbial Symbioses at the University of Bremen. She is a pioneer in ecological and evolutionary symbiotic relationships between sea animals and their microbial partners inhabiting environments that harbour low nutrient concentrations. She was responsible for the discovery of a new form of symbiosis between two kinds of bacteria and the marine oligochaete Olavius algarvensis.
Magnetobacterium bavaricum is a species of bacterium.
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