SS Duca d'Aosta

History
Italy
Name	SS Duca d'Aosta
Namesake	one of the Dukes of Aosta
Owner	Navigazione Generale Italiana
Port of registry	Genoa
Route	1909–1912: Genoa–New York 1912–1914: Italy–South America 1914–1921: Genoa–New York 1921–1929: Italy–South America
Builder	Cantieri Navale Siciliani Palermo
Launched	29 September 1908
Maiden voyage	Genoa–Naples–New York, 9 November 1909
Fate	Scrapped, February 1929
General characteristics
Tonnage	7,804  GRT
Length	475 ft (145 m)
Beam	53.3 ft (16.2 m)
Propulsion	two steam engines twin screw propellers
Speed	16 knots (30 km/h)
Capacity	Passengers: 80 first class 16 second class 1,740 third class
Notes	two funnels, four masts

SS Duca d'Aosta was an Italian ocean liner for Navigazione Generale Italiana named after one of the Dukes of Aosta. Launched in 1908, she sailed between Italy and New York and South America for most of her career. During World War I she was employed as a troopship carrying United States troops to France as part of the United States Navy Cruiser and Transport Force. She was scrapped in 1929.

Early career

Duca d'Aosta, was built by Cantieri Navale Siciliani of Palermo, with steam engines provided by N. Odero & Co. of Sestri Ponente. Launched on 29 September 1908 for Navigazione Generale Italiana, she sailed on her maiden voyage from Genoa to Naples and New York on 9 November 1909. She continued on this service until 20 November 1912, when she was switched to an Italy–South American route. On 7 July 1914, Duca d'Aosta resumed Genoa–New York service. ^[1]

U.S. troopship duties

In May 1918, Duca d'Aosta was chartered as a United States troop transport and attached to the United States Navy Cruiser and Transport Force, and sailed on a total of five roundtrips before the Armistice. ^[2]

Sailing in her first troopship convoy at 18:30 on 10 May, Duca d'Aosta departed from Newport News, Virginia, with U.S. Navy transports Lenape, Pastores, Wilhelmina, Princess Matoika, Antigone, and Susquehanna, and the British steamer Kursk. The group rendezvoused with a similar group that left New York the same day, consisting of President Lincoln, Covington, Rijndam, British troopship Dwinsk, and Italian steamers Caserta and Dante Alighieri. ^{[3] [4]} American cruiser Frederick served as escort for the assembled ships, which were the 35th U.S. convoy of the war. ^[3] On 20 May, the convoy sighted and fired on a "submarine" that turned out to be a bucket; the next day escort Frederick left the convoy after being relieved by nine destroyers. Three days later the convoy sighted land at 06:30 and anchored at Brest that afternoon. ^[5] Duca d'Aosta safely arrived back in the U.S. on 5 June. ^[3] Fate, however, was not as kind to former convoy mates President Lincoln and Dwinsk. On their return journeys they were sunk by German submarines U-90 and U-151, respectively. ^{[6] [7]}

Duca d'Aosta 's next convoy left Newport News on 23 June and consisted of the Italian steamers Caserta, Re d'Italia, the French Patria, and American transports Pocahontas and Susquehanna. Accompanied by Montana, South Dakota, Huntington, Gregory, and Fairfax, the convoy reached France on 5 July. Duca d'Aosta returned to Virginia on 19 July with Pocahontas. ^[8]

Duca d'Aosta sailed again for France on 26 July with Pocahontas, Susquehanna, and Caserta from Newport News, and met up with U.S. Navy transports Finland, Kroonland and the Italian Taormina that had sailed at the same time from New York. ^[9] Cruisers Pueblo and Huntington, and destroyers Rathburne and Colhoun ushered the transports to France, where they arrived on 7 August. ^[10] Duca d'Aosta arrived back in the United States on 18 August. ^[9]

The Italian liner began her next crossing on 30 August when she sailed from Newport News with USS America and Caserta to join the New York contingent of KroonlandSusquehanna, Harrisburg and Plattsburg. Duca d'Aosta 's convoy was escorted by Frederick and Colhoun. ^{[10] [11]}

Duca d'Aosta embarked from Genoa, Italy on March 29, 1919, carrying troops from the 332nd Infantry. She arrived in New York, New York on April 14, 1919. ^[12]

Beginning what would be her last wartime troop transport crossing, Duca d'Aosta sailed with Navy transports Martha Washington and Aeolus from Newport News on 21 October. Pocahontas and Brazilian steamer Sobral, sailing from New York, and U.S. Navy escorts New Hampshire, Charleston, South Dakota, Talbot, and Radford filled out the convoy, which arrived on 4 November. Duca d'Aosta returned to the U.S. on 17 November, six days after the Armistice. ^[13]

Later career

After her release from the U.S. charter, Duca d'Aosta once again resumed sailing the Genoa–New York service in 1918, which she continued through June 1921. Returned to South American routes at that time, she continued in that service through February 1929 at which time she was scrapped. ^[1]

Notes

1. "Ship Descriptions - D". Archived from the original on 8 September 2008. Retrieved 24 June 2008.
2. Gleaves, p. 240. (Page 240 shows the date as "July 1, 1916", but is wrong. See p. 102 for a description of the appendices with the correct date of July 1, 1918, listed.)
3. Crowell and Wilson, p. 609.
4. Gleaves, p. 202.
5. Pollard, p. 27.
6. "President Lincoln". DANFS . Retrieved 10 April 2008.
7. German submarine activities, p. 48.
8. Crowell and Wilson, p. 611.
9. Crowell and Wilson, p. 614.
10. Crowell and Wilson (p. 614) list the destroyer as "Calhoun". The only USS Calhoun ever was a former Confederate steamer captured during the American Civil War.
11. Crowell and Wilson, p. 616.
12. The National Archives at College Park; College Park, Maryland; Record Group Title: Records of the Office of the Quartermaster General, 1774-1985; Record Group Number: 92; Roll or Box Number: 91
13. Crowell and Wilson, p. 619.

References

• Crowell, Benedict; Robert Forrest Wilson (1921). The Road to France: The Transportation of Troops and Military Supplies, 1917–1918. How America Went to War: An Account From Official Sources of the Nation's War Activities, 1917–1920. New Haven: Yale University Press. OCLC   18696066.
• Gleaves, Albert (1921). A History of the Transport Service: Adventures and Experiences of United States Transports and Cruisers in the World War. New York: George H. Doran Company. OCLC   976757.
• Naval Historical Center. "President Lincoln". Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships . Navy Department, Naval History and Heritage Command . Retrieved 8 May 2008.
• Office of Naval Records (1920). German submarine activities on the Atlantic coast of the United States and Canada. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. OCLC   2211657.
• Pollard, James E. (1919). The Forty-Seventh Infantry: A History, 1917–1918, 1919. Saginaw, Michigan: Press of Seeman & Peters. OCLC   3067517.