History
The fort was built in the 1st century AD as part of the Roman frontier system, the Moesian Limes, in the easten section later known as the limes Scythiae Minoriae, or Scythian limes. It was an important military outpost serving mainly the city of Civitas Tropaensium and controlling the supply and transport on the Danube limes.
It was built near a former Dacian fort of the Saci tribe which seems to have been their capital from the 4th century BC until the beginning of the 1st century AD. Toles, their leader, was an ally of Octavian. The fort had several development phases and an uninterrupted evolution from the beginning of the 2nd century AD until the early 7th century BC.
It had a rectangular shape of area about 4 ha. The walls were about 2m wide and the towers were rectangular. The garrison in the 2nd century was Cohors IV Gallorum, Cohors I cilicum sagittariorum milliaria, and later a vexillation of the legion II Herculia de Troesmis (Iglita); later, in the 4-5th centuries a cuneus equitum scutariorum lived here. [2]
A fire destroyed the fort in the 3rd century possibly by the Goths. In the 4th century it was rebuilt and an extension of the fortress to the south. At the end of the fourth century a fire destroyed the fort and multiple fires in the fifth century were followed by repeated reconstructions, probably after numerous raids of the Germanic and Hunnic tribes. It flourishing from the beginning of the 6th century and reconstruction on the southern side of the enclosure was in the second half of the 6th century, but later saw another great fire, probably related to the Kutrigur attack in 559. The last years of the fort were between 602-620 after which a sporadic Roman-Byzantine continued. [3]
Dacia was the land inhabited by the Dacians, its core in Transylvania, stretching to the Danube in the south, the Black Sea in the east, and the Tisza in the west. The Carpathian Mountains were located in the middle of Dacia. It thus roughly corresponds to present-day Romania, as well as parts of Moldova, Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary, Slovakia, and Ukraine.
Novae was initially one of the few great Roman legionary fortresses along the empire's border, forming part of the defences along the Danube in northern Bulgaria. The settlement later expanded into a town in the Roman province of Moesia Inferior, later Moesia Secunda.
Singidunum was an ancient city which later evolved into modern Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. The name is of Celtic origin, going back to the time when the Celtic tribe Scordisci settled the area in the 3rd century BC, following the Gallic invasion of the Balkans. Later on, the Roman Republic conquered the area in 75 BC and incorporated it into the province of Moesia. It was an important fort of the Danubian Limes and Roman Legio IV Flavia Felix was garrisoned there since 86 AD. Singidunum was the birthplace of the Roman Emperor Jovian. It was sacked by Huns in 441, and by Avars and Slavs in 584. At the beginning of the 7th century, the Singidunum fort was finally destroyed.
Oescus, Palatiolon or Palatiolum was an important ancient city on the Danube river in Roman Moesia. It later became known as Ulpia Oescus. It lay northwest of the modern Bulgarian city of Pleven, near the village of Gigen.
The Limes Arabicus was a desert frontier of the Roman Empire, running north from its start in the province of Arabia Petraea. It ran northeast from the Gulf of Aqaba for about 1,500 kilometers (930 mi) at its greatest extent, reaching northern Syria and forming part of the wider Roman limes system. It had several forts and watchtowers.
Porolissum was an ancient Roman city in Dacia. Established as a military fort in 106 during Trajan's Dacian Wars, the city quickly grew through trade with the native Dacians and became the capital of the province Dacia Porolissensis in 124. The site is one of the largest and best-preserved archaeological sites in modern-day Romania. It is 8 km away from the modern city of Zalău, in Moigrad-Porolissum village, Mirsid Commune, Sălaj County.
Histria or Istros, was founded as a Greek colony or polis near the mouth of the Danube on the western coast of the Black Sea. It is near the modern town of Istria. It was the first urban settlement on today's Romanian territory when founded by Milesian settlers in the 7th century BC. It was under Roman rule from the 1st to 3rd centuries AD. Invasions during the 7th century AD rendered it indefensible, and the city was abandoned. In antiquity, it also bore the names Istropolis, Istriopolis, and Histriopolis or simply Istros/Histros (Ἴστρος).
Acumincum was an ancient Roman settlement, located in the present day town of Stari Slankamen, Serbia.
Halmyris was a Roman and Byzantine fort, settlement and naval port, located 2.5 km west of the village of Murighiol at the mouth of the Danube Delta in Romania. Its name in Roman times was probably Almyridensium.
Ratiaria was a city founded by the Moesians, a Daco-Thracian tribe, in the 4th century BC, along the river Danube. In Roman times it was named Colonia Ulpia Traiana Ratiaria.
The Moesian Limes is the modern term given to a linked series of Roman forts on the northern frontier of the Roman province of Moesia along the Danube between the Black Sea shore and Pannonia and dating from the 1st century AD. It was the eastern section of the so-called Danubian Limes and protected the Roman provinces of Upper and Lower Moesia south of the river. The eastern section is often called the limes Scythiae minoris as it was located in the late Roman province of Scythia Minor.
Much of the territory of the modern state of Serbia was part of the Roman Empire and later the Eastern Roman Empire. In particular, the region of Central Serbia was under Roman rule for about 800 years, starting from the 1st century BC, interrupted by the arrival of the Slavs into the Balkans during the 6th century, but continued after fall of the First Bulgarian Empire in the early 11th century and permanently ended with the rise of the Second Bulgarian Empire in the late 12th century. The territories were administratively divided into the provinces of Moesia, Pannonia and Dardania. Moesia Superior roughly corresponds to modern Serbia proper; Pannonia Inferior included the eastern part of Serbia proper; Dardania included the western part of Serbia proper. After its reconquest from the Bulgarians by Emperor Basil II in 1018, it was reorganized into the Theme of Bulgaria.
Diana Fort is a Roman fort located near the hamlet of Karataš, 8 km northwest of Kladovo, in eastern Serbia in the Karataš archaeological site. It is located on cliffs of the Đerdap, above the Danube, on a strategic location overlooking the Danube frontier. It has been extensively excavated, is one of the best explored forts of the Moesian Limes, and can be visited today.
Capidava was originally an important Geto-Dacian centre on the right bank of the Danube. After the Roman conquest, it became a civil and military centre in the province of Moesia Inferior and part of the defensive frontier system of the Moesian Limes along the Danube.
The castra of Bulci was a fort in the Roman province of Dacia located on the western side of defensive line of forts, limes Daciae. Its ruins are located in Bulci.
Carsium was a fort in the Roman province of Moesia in the 1st century AD whose remains are still visible. It was part of the defensive frontier system of the Limes Moesiae along the Danube.
Noviodunum, known also as Noviodunum ad Istrum, was a fort and a port in the Roman province of Moesia located on the lower Danube. It was part of the Moesian Limes frontier defensive system on the Danube.
The castra of Cincșor was a fort in the Roman province of Dacia in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD and part of the frontier system of the Limes Alutanus.
This section of the timeline of Romanian history concerns events from Late Neolithic until Late Antiquity, which took place in or are directly related with the territory of modern Romania.
Sostra is an ancient Roman fort and settlement near the village of Lomets, Bulgaria.
Romania 
National Historical Monument
