Salaaming Order

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The Salaaming Order, also known as the Saluting Order, introduced by British General Campbell on 22 April 1919, and also issued by A. C. Doveton, was an instruction during martial law in Punjab 1919 following the Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre. [1] [2] [3] It required Indians to salute British personnel or face punishment including arrest, detention, and flogging. Others found to be leading the order included Aubrey J. O'Brien, B. N. Bosworth-Smith. [2] [4] [5] and Henry St. George Murray Mcrae. [6] [7]

Contents

Along with the co-existing Crawling Order, created by Reginald Dyer, and fancy punishments invented by Doveton, the order was investigated by the official Hunter Commission and the independent National Congress's inquiry. [8]

An account is depicted in the book A Passage to India . [9]

Background

Martial law was introduced in Punjab at midnight between 15 and 16 April 1919 and backdated to 30 March on 21 April by the Viceroy, at the request of Michael O'Dwyer. [10]

References

  1. ↑ Lloyd, Nick (1 December 2010). "Sir Michael O'Dwyer and 'Imperial Terrorism' in the Punjab, 1919" . South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies. 33 (3): 363–380. doi:10.1080/00856401.2010.520648. ISSN   0085-6401.
  2. 1 2 Ilahi, Shereen (2020). "Punjab disturbances: Martial law and "fancy punishments"". Imperial Violence and the Path to Independence: India, Ireland and the Crisis of Empire. Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 58–59. ISBN   978-1-350-15306-6.
  3. ↑ Durie, Betty; Campbell, Angus (2022). "15. Amritsar". The Fairfield Campbells:Their Part in the Rise and Fall of Empire. CaroleMcT Books. pp. 124–140.
  4. ↑ Lal, Vinay. "Women in the Punjab Disturbances of 1919". UCLA. University of California, Los Angeles. Archived from the original on 31 August 2025. Retrieved 25 August 2025.
  5. ↑ Anand, Anita (2021). "10. I repent, I repent, I repent". The Patient Assassin: A True Tale of Massacre, Revenge, and India's Quest for Independence. New York: Simon and Schuster. pp. 115–126. ISBN   978-1-5011-9571-6.
  6. ↑ Naidis, Mark (1951). The Punjab Disturbances of 1919: A Study in Indian Nationalism. Stanford University. p. 101.
  7. ↑ Report of the Committee Appointed in the Government of India to Investigate the Disturbances in the Punjab, Etc. H.M. Stationery Office. 1920. pp. 225–235.
  8. ↑ Horniman, B. G. (1920). "15. O'Brien, Doveton, and Bosworth-Smith". Amritsar And Our Duty To India. London: T. Fisher Unwin. pp. 150–164.
  9. ↑ Das, G. K. (1985). "A Passage to India: a Socio-historical Study" . A Passage to India: Essays in Interpretation. Palgrave Macmillan UK: 1–15. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-17994-7_1. ISBN   978-0-333-40457-7.
  10. ↑ Collett, Nigel (2006). "17. The crawling order". The Butcher of Amritsar: General Reginald Dyer. A&C Black. p. 275. ISBN   978-1-85285-575-8.

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